Molding material, molding method using same, method for producing molding material, and method for producing fiber-reinforced composite material

ABSTRACT

Provided is a molding material which includes a composite of 1 to 50 wt % of a continuous reinforcing fiber bundle (A) and 0.1 to 20 wt % of a poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B); and 30 to 98.9 wt % of a thermoplastic resin (C) adhering to the composite, wherein the component (B) has a melting point of not higher than 270° C. Also provided are a method for molding the molding material, a method for producing the molding material, and a method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material. A molded article having high heat resistance and dynamic properties can be easily produced without impairing the economic efficiency and productivity during the process for producing a molding material. In addition, a fiber-reinforced composite material can be produced with more ease and high productivity.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser.No. 14/128,868, filed Dec. 23, 2013, which is the U.S. National Phaseapplication of PCT/JP2012/065701, filed Jun. 20, 2012, and claimspriority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-140689, filed Jun. 24,2011, Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-140690, filed Jun. 24, 2011,Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-140691, filed Jun. 24, 2011,Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-140692, filed Jun. 24, 2011,Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-140693, filed Jun. 24, 2011, thedisclosures of each of these applications being incorporated herein byreference in their entireties for all purposes.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a molding material that is excellent inproductivity, handleability, and moldability and provides a moldedarticle having excellent dynamic properties, a molding method using thesame, a method for producing the same, and a method for producing afiber-reinforced composite material excellent in economic efficiency andproductivity.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Various forms of molding materials comprising a continuous reinforcingfiber bundle and a thermoplastic resin as a matrix are known; forexample, thermoplastic prepregs, yarn, and glass mats (GMT). Suchmolding materials are characterized in that they are easy to moldbecause of the properties of thermoplastic resin; they are free from theburden of storage unlike thermosetting resins; and the resulting moldedarticle have high toughness, so that it is excellent in recyclability.In particular, pelleted molding materials can be applied to moldingmethods that are excellent in economic efficiency and productivity suchas injection molding and stamping molding, and are useful as industrialmaterials.

However, for impregnating a thermoplastic resin into a continuousreinforcing fiber bundle during the process for producing a moldingmaterial, such molding materials are disadvantageous in terms ofeconomic efficiency and productivity, and therefore are not so widelyused at present. For example, it is well known that impregnation of aresin into a reinforcing fiber bundle becomes difficult as the meltviscosity of the resin increases. In particular, thermoplastic resinshaving excellent dynamic properties such as toughness and ductility arehigh-molecular-weight, have a high viscosity compared to those ofthermosetting resins, and require a higher process temperature. Thus,such thermoplastic resins have been unsuitable for producing a moldingmaterial easily with high productivity.

When a low-molecular-weight, i.e., low-viscosity thermoplastic resin isused as a matrix resin because of ease of impregnation, there is aproblem in that the resulting molded article will have significantlydecreased dynamic properties.

Further, as fiber-reinforced composite materials come to be used inharsher environments, higher heat resistance have been required for amatrix resin.

Under such circumstances, the presence of a low-melting-point andlow-molecular-weight thermoplastic resin was not preferred because itcaused deformation of a molded article under high-temperatureconditions. Consequently, molding materials comprising a thermoplasticresin excellent in impregnation properties and heat resistance have beendemanded.

Fiber-reinforced composite materials comprising a reinforcing fiber anda matrix resin are lightweight, can provide excellent strengthproperties, and can be designed to have any strength by controllingtheir fiber orientation. Therefore, such fiber-reinforced compositematerials are widely used, for example, in sports applications such asgolf shafts and fishing rods, aerospace applications such as aircraftparts and artificial satellite parts, and general industrialapplications such as automobiles, marine vessels, electrical andelectronic equipment housings, robot parts, windmills, tanks, bathtubs,and helmets. In producing a fiber-reinforced composite material,production methods in which prepregs used as intermediate substrates arelaminated to form a laminate, the prepregs being obtained byimpregnating reinforcing fibers with a matrix resin, are widely usedbecause, in general, high fiber content is easily achieved and handlingis relatively easy. As a matrix resin to be impregnated into reinforcingfibers in a prepreg, thermosetting resins such as unsaturated polyesterresins, vinyl ester resins, and epoxy resins are often used because ofthe ease of impregnation into a fiber bundle, but the thermosettingresins become an insoluble and infusible polymer having athree-dimensional network structure via curing. Such a polymer isdifficult to recycle, and a disposal problem becomes more serious.

As a thermoplastic matrix resin used for a prepreg, various resins suchas polyethylene, polyester, polyamide, and polycarbonate are, used. Inapplications that require high performance, such as aerospaceapplications, polyether ether ketone, polyetherimide, polyphenylenesulfide, and the like that are excellent in heat resistance, chemicalresistance, and mechanical properties are suitably used.

However, such a thermoplastic resin prepreg has problems in that, in aproduction process for impregnating a fiber bundle with a matrix resin,a high temperature and a high pressure are required because of its highmolecular weight compared to those of thermosetting resins; it isdifficult to produce a prepreg having high fiber content; and a prepregproduced has so many unimpregnated parts that sufficient mechanicalproperties cannot be provided.

Fiber-reinforced composite materials comprising a continuous reinforcingfiber substrate and a matrix resin are lightweight and have excellentdynamic properties, and they are widely used in sports equipmentapplications, aerospace applications, general industrial applications,and the like. In particular, composite materials comprising a carbonfiber as a reinforcing fiber (CFRP) have a specific strength andspecific rigidity that are superior to those of metal materials, and theamount thereof used is increasing mainly in aerospace applications. As amatrix resin, thermosetting resins have hitherto been preferably usedbecause of their satisfactory impregnation into a reinforcing fibersubstrate. Thermoplastic resins have been unsuitable for producing amolding material easily with high productivity because they arehigh-molecular-weight, have a high viscosity compared to those ofthermosetting resins, and require a higher process temperature.

However, composite materials comprising a thermoplastic resin as amatrix resin have received attention in recent years for reasons thatsuch composite materials can be molded in a short time; the resultingmolded article is recyclable; and they are excellent inpost-processability such as thermal adhesion and thermal reformation.

Further, fiber-reinforced composite materials comprising a reinforcingfiber and a matrix resin allows material design taking advantages of thereinforcing fiber and the matrix resin, and, consequently, their use isexpanding to the aerospace field, transport equipment/industrial machinefield, civil engineering and construction field, sports/leisure field,and the like.

As a reinforcing fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, carbon fiber, boronfiber, and the like are used. As a matrix resin, both thermosettingresin and thermoplastic resin are used, but thermosetting resin, whichreadily impregnates into a reinforcing fiber, is often used. However,fiber-reinforced composite materials comprising a thermosetting resinhave problems in that the productivity is low because a long time isrequired for heat curing and that the pot life of a prepreg isrestricted.

In contrast, fiber-reinforced composite materials comprising athermoplastic resin as a matrix have been put to practical use forreasons that the productivity is high because such fiber-reinforcedcomposite materials do not need curing reaction and that they are easilywelded, repaired, and recycled.

PATENT DOCUMENTS

Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing a molding material inwhich in order to easily impregnate a thermoplastic resin into acontinuous reinforcing fiber bundle, a low-molecular-weightthermoplastic resin is impregnated, and then the resultant is integratedwith a high-molecular-weight thermoplastic resin.

Patent Document 2 discloses a molding material comprising ahigh-molecular-weight thermoplastic resin and a composite of polyarylenesulfide prepolymer and continuous reinforcing fibers, thehigh-molecular-weight thermoplastic resin being configured to be incontact with the composite. Polyarylene sulfide prepolymer is anexcellent material because it easily impregnates into a reinforcingfiber bundle and, therefore, increases the productivity of a moldingmaterial, and, in addition, it is readily dispersed or dissolved in amatrix resin in a molding process to enhance the dispersion ofreinforcing fibers into a molded article.

Patent Document 3 discloses a molding material comprising ahigh-molecular-weight thermoplastic resin and a composite ofhigh-molecular-weight polyarylene sulfide and continuous reinforcingfibers, the high-molecular-weight thermoplastic resin being configuredto be in contact with the composite. This document describes a methodfor producing a molding material with high productivity in which apolyarylene sulfide prepolymer having a low melt viscosity isimpregnated into reinforcing fibers and then polymerized intohigh-molecular-weight polyarylene sulfide. In addition, since thepolyarylene sulfide in the molding material is high-molecular-weight,the molding material provides a molded article with excellent heatresistance.

Patent Document 4 discloses a cyclic poly (aryl ether) oligomer, amethod for producing the same, and a method for polymerizing the cyclicpoly (aryl ether) oligomer.

Patent Document 5 discloses a method for producing a prepreg comprisingslurrying polyarylene sulfide in a dispersion medium to facilitate theimpregnation into a glass fiber mat. Patent Document 6 discloses amethod for producing a laminate not through a prepreg, the methodcomprising laminating relatively low-molecular-weight polyarylenesulfide in the form of a sheet together with fiber substrates.

Patent Document 7 discloses a prepreg obtained by impregnatingreinforcing fibers with low-molecular-weight cyclic polyarylene sulfide.This method produces a prepreg with high productivity because the cyclicpolyarylene sulfide has excellent impregnation properties. This methodalso provides a laminate having excellent mechanical properties bythermally polymerizing the cyclic polyarylene sulfide during molding.

Patent Document 8 proposes a method comprising placing crystallinethermoplastic resin films on both surfaces of a sheet-like substratemade of continuous reinforcing fibers, applying a pressure of 5 to 30kg/cm² (about 0.5 to 3 MPa) at a temperature 150° C. higher than themelting point of the resin, and impregnating the thermoplastic resininto the reinforcing fiber bundle.

Patent Document 9 discloses a method for producing a fiber-reinforcedmolding substrate comprising combining a continuous reinforcing fiberbundle with low-molecular-weight cyclic polyarylene sulfide, and heatingthe composite at 200 to 450° C. to polymerize the cyclic polyarylenesulfide into high-molecular-weight polyarylene sulfide.

Patent Document 10 discloses a method for producing a fiber-reinforcedcomposite material comprising preliminarily forming polyarylene sulfidehaving a melt viscosity of 300 to 2,000 Pa·s and a tensile elongation atbreak of 10% or more into a sheet, laminating the sheet and reinforcingfiber substrates alternately, and compressing the laminate at a pressureof 0.98 to 9.8 MPa at a temperature of 300 to 350° C. to impregnate thepolyarylene sulfide into the reinforcing fiber substrate.

Patent Document 11 discloses a method for producing a fiber-reinforcedcomposite material comprising heat-melting a polyarylene sulfideprepolymer at 200 to 300° C. to form a melt solution having a meltviscosity of 10 Pa·s or lower, impregnating the melt solution into areinforcing fiber substrate, and then heating the resultant at 300 to400° C. to polymerize the polyarylene sulfide prepolymer. This is anexcellent production method that is able to produce a fiber-reinforcedcomposite material comprising a reinforcing fiber substrate andhigh-molecular-weight polyarylene sulfide easily with high productivity.

Patent Document 1: JP H 10-138379 A

Patent Document 2: JP 2008-231291 A

Patent Document 3: JP 2008-231292 A

Patent Document 4: JP H 03-88828 A

Patent Document 5: JP H 05-39371 A

Patent Document 6: JP H 09-25346 A

Patent Document 7: JP 2008-231237 A

Patent Document 8: JP H 08-118489 A

Patent Document 9: JP 2008-231289 A

Patent Document 10: Japanese Patent No. 3598510

Patent Document 11: JP 2008-231236 A

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The method disclosed in Patent Document 1 satisfies impregnationproperties when a low-molecular-weight thermoplastic resin is used, but,on the other hand, presents problems of poor handleability of a moldingmaterial and difficulty in sufficiently enhancing the properties of amolded article.

The molding material disclosed in Patent Document 2 has excellent heatresistance because polyarylene sulfide prepolymer is used. However, insituations where various thermoplastic resins are selected for a matrixresin according to diversified needs for a fiber-reinforced compositematerial, in addition to the polyarylene sulfide prepolymer, highlyheat-resistant impregnation/dispersion aids have been demanded from thestandpoint of compatibility with the matrix resin.

The molding material disclosed in Patent Document 3 has excellent heatresistance and dynamic properties because high-molecular-weightpolyarylene sulfide is used. However, in situations where variousthermoplastic resins are selected for a matrix resin according todiversified needs for a fiber-reinforced composite material, in additionto polyarylene sulfide, molding materials comprising a highlyheat-resistant thermoplastic resin have been demanded from thestandpoint of compatibility with the matrix resin.

The method disclosed in Patent Document 4 has a problem in that themelting point of the resulting cyclic poly (aryl ether) oligomer is ashigh as 340° C. or higher, and a heating process at a high temperatureis necessary for production of a molding material. Accordingly, moldingmaterials that can be easily produced at a lower temperature have beendemanded from the standpoint of industrial economic efficiency andproductivity.

The method disclosed in Patent Document 5 has a problem in thatequipment and time are required for drying the dispersion medium, andbesides it is difficult to completely remove the dispersion medium, sothat sufficient mechanical properties cannot be provided due to voidsformed by volatilization of the dispersion medium during laminationmolding. The method disclosed in Patent Document 6 has a problem in thathigh-temperature/high-pressure molding conditions are required, anddefects such as non-impregnation result in poor mechanical properties.

The prepreg disclosed in Patent Document 7 has excellent heat resistancebecause polyarylene sulfide prepolymer is used. However, as needs for afiber-reinforced composite material are diversified, in addition topolyarylene sulfide, molding materials comprising a highlyheat-resistant thermoplastic resin, for example, poly (phenylene etherether ketone) have been demanded.

In the method disclosed in Patent Document 8, since a harsh temperatureis required for impregnation of a thermoplastic resin, thermaldecomposition of the resin is caused; consequently, the properties of amolded article cannot be enhanced sufficiently, and it is difficult toproduce a molding material economically with high productivity.

The method disclosed in Patent Document 9 is an excellent productionmethod that is able to produce a molding material comprising acontinuous reinforcing fiber bundle and high-molecular-weightpolyarylene sulfide easily with high productivity. However, as needs fora fiber-reinforced composite material comprising a thermoplastic resinare diversified, in addition to polyarylene sulfide, molding materialscomprising a highly heat-resistant thermoplastic resin, for example,polyether ether ketone have been demanded.

Further, the melt viscosity was measured, and the melt viscosity at 230°C. of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) was 0.030Pa·s.

Reference Example 3

Here, synthesis in accordance with the common method for producing apoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) described in Examples of JP2007-506833 A will be described.

The method disclosed in Patent Document 11 has excellent heat resistancebecause polyarylene sulfide prepolymer is used. However, as needs for afiber-reinforced composite material are diversified, in addition topolyarylene sulfide, fiber-reinforced composite materials comprising ahighly heat-resistant thermoplastic resin, for example, poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) have been demanded.

The present invention aims to overcome the problems of the prior art andprovide, by using a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer withimproved melting properties in a molding material comprising acontinuous reinforcing fiber bundle and a thermoplastic resin, a moldingmaterial that is excellent in productivity, handleability, andmoldability and provides a molded article having excellent dynamicproperties, and a molding method excellent in productivity andmoldability using the molding material.

The present invention aims to solve the problems mentioned above andprovide a method for producing a molding material and fiber-reinforcedcomposite material comprising a reinforcing fiber substrate and poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) with more ease and high productivity.

To solve these problems, the molding material of embodiments of thepresent invention has the following constitution.

A molding material comprising:

a composite of 1 to 50 wt % of a continuous reinforcing fiber bundle (A)and 0.1 to 20 wt % of a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer(B);and 30 to 98.9 wt % of a thermoplastic resin (C) adhering to thecomposite, wherein the component (B) has a melting point of not higherthan 270° C.

The molding method of embodiments of the present invention has thefollowing constitution; i.e.,

a molding method, comprising press-molding the molding materialdescribed above using a mold.

The method for producing a molding material of the present invention canhave the following constitution; i.e.,

A method for producing a molding material, comprising the steps of:(I) drawing and continuously feeding a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′);(II) combining the component (A′) with a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer(B) to form a composite;(III) polymerizing the component (B) into a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) (B′); and(IV) cooling and taking up the composite of the component (A′) and thecomponent (B′), wherein the component (B) has a melting point of nothigher than 270° C.

The method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material of thepresent invention may have any one of the constitutions (1) to (3)below: i.e.,

(1) A method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material,comprising the steps of:(I-1) placing a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) in a mold;(II-1) heat-melting a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)to form a melt solution;(III-1) injecting the melt solution obtained in the step (II-1) into themold of the step (I-1) to impregnate the component (B) into thecomponent (A′); and(IV-1) thermally polymerizing the component (B) into a poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) (B′),wherein the component (B) used in the step (II-1) has a melting point ofnot higher than 270° C., or(2) A method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material,comprising the steps of:(I-2) drawing and continuously feeding a reinforcing fiber substrate(A′);(II-2) heat-melting a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)in an impregnation bath to form a melt solution;(III-2) passing the component (A′) continuously through the impregnationbath of the step (II-2) to impregnate the component (B) into thecomponent (A′) and winding the resulting composite around a mandrel;and (IV-2) thermally polymerizing the component (B) into a poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′),wherein the component (B) used in the step (II-2) has a melting point ofnot higher than 270° C., or(3) A method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material,comprising the steps of:(I-3) drawing and continuously feeding a reinforcing fiber substrate(A′);(II-3) heat-melting a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)in an impregnation bath to form a melt solution;(III-3) passing the component (A′) continuously through the impregnationbath of the step (II-3) to form a composite of the component (B) and thecomponent (A′) impregnated therewith; and(IV-3) pultruding the composite obtained continuously through a mold tothermally polymerize the component (B) into a poly (phenylene etherether ketone) (B′),wherein the component (B) used in the step (II-3) has a melting point ofnot higher than 270° C.

In the molding material of the present invention, the component (B)preferably comprises a cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) in anamount of 60 wt % or more.

In the molding material of the present invention, the component (B) ispreferably a mixture of cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)shaving different numbers of repeating units (m).

In the molding material of the present invention, the compositepreferably further comprises 0.001 to 20 mol % of a polymerizationcatalyst (D) per 1 mol of ether ether ketone structural unit in thecomponent (B).

The molding material of the present invention is preferably a moldingmaterial comprising a composite of 1 to 50 wt % of a continuousreinforcing fiber bundle (A) and 0.1 to 30 wt % of a poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) (B′), and 20 to 98.9 wt % of a thermoplastic resin(C) adhering to the composite, wherein the component (B′) is a poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) obtained by polymerizing a poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) having a melting point ofnot higher than 270° C. using a polymerization catalyst (D).

In the molding material of the present invention, the component (B′)preferably has a crystal melting enthalpy ΔH determined by DSC of notless than 40 J/g.

In the molding material of the present invention, the component (A)preferably contains at least 10,000 carbon fiber monofilaments.

In the molding material of the present invention, the component (C) ispreferably at least one selected from polyamide resin, polyetherimideresin, polyamide-imide resin, polyether ether ketone resin, andpolyphenylene sulfide resin.

In the molding material of the present invention, the component (D) ispreferably an alkali metal salt.

In the molding material of the present invention, it is preferred thatthe component (A) be arranged substantially parallel to the direction ofthe shaft center, and the length of the component (A) be substantiallythe same as the length of the molding material.

In the molding material of the present invention, it is preferred thatthe composite forms a core structure, and the component (C) surround thecomposite to form a core-sheath structure.

In the molding material of the present invention, the form of themolding material is preferably a long-fiber pellet.

The molding material of the present invention is preferably a moldingmaterial comprising a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′), a poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B), and a polymerizationcatalyst (D), wherein the component (B) has a melting point of nothigher than 270° C.

In the molding material of the present invention, the component (B)preferably comprises a cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) in anamount of 60 wt % or more.

In the molding material of the present invention, the component (B) ispreferably a mixture of cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)shaving different numbers of repeating units (m).

In the molding material of the present invention, the component (A′) ispreferably a carbon fiber.

In the molding material of the present invention, the content of thecomponent (A′) is preferably 30 wt % or more.

In the molding material of the present invention, the content of thecomponent (D) is preferably 0.001 to 20 mol % per 1 mol of ether etherketone structural unit in the component (B).

In the molding method of the present invention, the component (B) ispreferably polymerized into a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′)in the mold.

In the molding method of the present invention, the surface temperatureof the mold during polymerization of the component (B) into thecomponent (B′) is preferably not higher than the melting point of thecomponent (B′).

In the molding method of the present invention, after the component (B)is polymerized into the component (B′) in the mold, the mold ispreferably opened without cooling to take out a molded article.

In the method for producing a molding material of the present invention,the component (B) preferably comprises a cyclic poly (phenylene etherether ketone) in an amount of 60 wt % or more.

In the method for producing a molding material of the present invention,the component (B) is preferably a mixture of cyclic poly (phenyleneether ether ketone)s having different numbers of repeating units (m).

In the method for producing a molding material of the present invention,it is preferable to further combining a polymerization catalyst (D) withthe other components in the step (II).

In the method for producing a molding material of the present invention,the steps (I) to (IV) are preferably performed on-line.

In the method for producing a molding material of the present invention,the take-up speed in the step (IV) is preferably 1 to 100 m/min.

In the method for producing a molding material of the present invention,it is preferred that in the step (II), the heat-melted component (B) beapplied to the component (A′) to form a composite.

In the method for producing a molding material of the present invention,it is preferred that in the step (II), the component (B) in at least oneform selected from the group consisting of particles, fibers, and flakesbe applied to the component (A′) to form a composite.

In the method for producing a molding material of the present invention,it is preferred that in the step (II), the component (B) in at least oneform selected from the group consisting of a film, a sheet, and anonwoven fabric be applied to the component (A′) to form a composite.

In the method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material of thepresent invention, the component (B) preferably comprises a cyclic poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) in an amount of 60 wt % or more.

In the method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material of thepresent invention, the component (B) is preferably a mixture of cyclicpoly (phenylene ether ether ketone)s having different numbers ofrepeating units (m).

In the method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material of thepresent invention, it is preferable to further add a polymerizationcatalyst (D) to a melt solution of the component (B).

In the method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material of thepresent invention, in the step (II-1), (II-2), or (II-3), the meltviscosity of the melt solution of the component (B) is preferablyadjusted to 10 Pa·s or lower.

In the method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material of thepresent invention, in the step (IV-1), (IV-2), or (IV-3), the thermalpolymerization is preferably performed at a temperature of 160° C. to330° C.

By using the molding material comprising a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) or poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′)according to the present invention, a molded article having excellentdynamic properties can be easily produced through the use of the moldingmaterial excellent in economic efficiency and productivity.

The molding material comprising a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′)according to the present invention is excellent in handleability andmoldability and also can achieve high fiber content, thereby providing amolded article having excellent mechanical properties. Further, themolding material is excellent in economic efficiency, productivity, andhandleability because it can be molded into a fiber-reinforced compositematerial by heating the molding material at a low temperature for ashort time.

According to the method for producing a molding material of the presentinvention, a reinforcing fiber substrate can be easily combined with apoly (phenylene ether ether ketone), which enables improved productivitysuch as increased take-up speed and improved economic efficiency such aslowered process temperature. Thus the method is suitably used forproducing a molding material such as a prepreg, semipreg, and fabric.

According to the method for producing a fiber-reinforced compositematerial of the present invention, a reinforcing fiber substrate can beeasily combined with a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone), whichenables improved productivity due to improved impregnation propertiesand improved economic efficiency such as lowered process temperature.Thus the method is suitably used for producing a fiber-reinforcedcomposite material.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of acomposite of a reinforcing fiber bundle (A) and a poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) or poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′);

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of a preferred aspect ofthe molding material of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of across-section in the direction of the shaft center according to apreferred aspect of the molding material of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of across-section in the direction of the shaft center according to apreferred aspect of the molding material of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of across-section in the direction of the shaft center according to apreferred aspect of the molding material of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of across-section in the direction of the shaft center according to apreferred aspect of the molding material of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of across-section in the orthogonal direction according to a preferredaspect of the molding material of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of across-section in the orthogonal direction according to a preferredaspect of the molding material of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of across-section in the orthogonal direction according to a preferredaspect of the molding material of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of across-section in the orthogonal direction according to a preferredaspect of the molding material of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of across-section in the orthogonal direction according to a preferredaspect of the molding material of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a fixture for evaluating drapeproperty;

FIG. 13 is an example of a production apparatus used in the method forproducing a molding material according to the present invention. Thearrow represents the take-up direction of a fiber-reinforced moldingsubstrate;

FIG. 14 is an example of a production apparatus used in the method forproducing a molding material according to the present invention. Thearrow represents the take-up direction of a fiber-reinforced moldingsubstrate;

FIG. 15 is an example of a production apparatus used in the method forproducing a molding material according to the present invention. Thearrow represents the take-up direction of a fiber-reinforced moldingsubstrate;

FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of apropeller shaft obtained by the present invention; and

FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of aconfiguration of a cylindrical body made of a fiber-reinforced compositematerial obtained by the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The molding material of the present invention preferably comprises acontinuous reinforcing fiber bundle (A) or reinforcing fiber substrate(A′), a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B), and athermoplastic resin (C). Further, the molding material of the presentinvention may further comprise a polymerization catalyst (D) in acomposite, and the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) canbe converted into a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) by thermalpolymerization in the presence of the polymerization catalyst (D).First, each component will be described.

<Reinforcing Fiber>

Examples of reinforcing fibers that can be used for the continuousreinforcing fiber bundle (A) or reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) of thepresent invention include, but are not limited to, carbon fibers, glassfibers, aramid fibers, boron fibers, alumina fibers, mineral fibers, andsilicon carbide fibers, and two or more of such fibers can be used incombination.

In particular, carbon fibers are preferred because they have excellentspecific strength and specific rigidity and improve the dynamicproperties of a molded article. Among them, to obtain a molded articlehaving a light weight, high strength, and high elastic modulus, carbonfibers are preferably used, and, in particular, carbon fibers with atensile modulus of 200 to 700 GPa are preferably used. Further, carbonfibers and metal-coated reinforcing fibers have an effect of improvingthe conductivity of a molded article because of having highconductivity, and thus are particularly preferred, for example, for ahousing of electronic equipment that requires electromagnetic shieldingproperties.

In a more preferred embodiment of carbon fibers, the amount of surfacefunctional groups (O/C), which is the atomic ratio of oxygen (O) tocarbon (C) on the fiber surface, measured by X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy is in the range of 0.05 to 0.4. The higher the O/C, thelarger the amount of functional groups on the carbon fiber surface, andthis increases adhesion to a matrix resin. However, if the O/C is toohigh, the crystal structure on the carbon fiber surface may bedestroyed. When the O/C is within the preferred range, a molded articlehaving excellently balanced dynamic properties can be obtained.

The amount of surface functional groups (O/C) is determined by X-rayphotoelectron spectroscopy according to the following procedure. First,carbon fibers from which a sizing agent and the like have been removedwith a solvent are cut and spread on a sample support made of copper.Thereafter, the photoelectron take-off angle is set at 90°, and usingMgK_(α1, 2) as an X-ray source, the inside of a sample chamber is keptat 1×10⁻⁸ Torr. As a correction of a peak associated withelectrification during the measurement, the kinetic energy value (K.E.)of the main peak of C 1s is set at 969 eV. The C 1s peak area isdetermined by drawing a straight baseline in the K.E. range of 958 to972 eV. The O 1s peak area is determined by drawing a straight baselinein the K.E. range of 714 to 726 eV. The amount of surface functionalgroups (O/C) is calculated as an atomic ratio from the ratio of the O 1Speak area to the C 1S peak area described above using anapparatus-specific sensitivity correction value.

The continuous reinforcing fiber bundle (A) used for the moldingmaterial of the present invention means that a reinforcing fiber bundlecomprising unidirectionally arranged monofilaments is continuous in thelongitudinal direction. However, all the monofilaments in thereinforcing fiber bundle need not necessarily be continuous throughoutthe whole length, and some of the monofilaments may be broken halfway.Examples of such continuous reinforcing fiber bundles include aunidirectional fiber bundle, a bidirectional fiber bundle, and amultidirectional fiber bundle, and a unidirectional fiber bundle can bemore preferably used from the standpoint of productivity during theprocess for producing a molding material.

The reinforcing fiber bundle (A) in the present invention becomes moreeconomically advantageous as the number of reinforcing fibermonofilaments increases, and thus the number of monofilaments ispreferably 10,000 or more. However, the larger number of reinforcingfiber monofilaments tends to be disadvantageous to impregnationproperties of a matrix resin, and, therefore, when a carbon fiber bundleis used as the reinforcing fiber bundle (A), the number of monofilamentsis more preferably 15,000 to 100,000, and particularly preferably 20,000to 50,000, in order to achieve the balance between economic efficiencyand impregnation properties. In particular, excellent impregnationproperties of thermoplastic resin during the process for producing amolding material and satisfactory dispersion of reinforcing fibers intoa molded article at the time of injection molding, which are the effectsof the present invention, are suitable for a reinforcing fiber bundlehaving a larger number of fibers.

Further, to bundle monofilaments into a reinforcing fiber bundle, asizing agent may be used in addition to the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) of the present invention. This is for the purposeof improving handleability during transfer of reinforcing fibers andprocessability during the process for producing a molding material byapplying the sizing agent to the reinforcing fiber bundle. Sizing agentssuch as epoxy resin, urethane resin, acrylic resin, and variousthermoplastic resins can be used alone or in combination of two or morethereof as long as the object of the present invention is achieved.

Examples of the form and arrangement of the reinforcing fiber substrate(A′) used in the present invention include, but are not limited to,substrates comprising unidirectionally arranged continuous reinforcingfibers (hereinafter also referred to simply as “unidirectionallyarranged substrate”), fabrics (cloths), nonwoven fabrics, mats, knits,braids, yarns, and tows. Among them, unidirectionally arrangedsubstrates are preferably used because strength properties can be easilydesigned depending on the lamination structure; fabrics are preferredbecause they can be easily shaped into a curved shape; and nonwovenfabrics and mats are preferably used because they can be easily moldedin the thickness direction. “Unidirectionally arranged substrate” asused herein refers to a substrate comprising a plurality of reinforcingfibers arranged in parallel. Such a unidirectionally arranged substratecan be obtained, for example, by the method in which a plurality of thereinforcing fiber bundles (A) mentioned above is unidirectionallyaligned and formed into a sheet.

When the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) is a unidirectionally arrangedsubstrate, a fabric, a nonwoven fabric, or a mat, the number ofreinforcing fiber monofilaments is not particularly restricted.

Further, to the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′), a binder may be addedin addition to the component (B) in the present invention in order toprevent separation of monofilaments. This is for the purpose ofimproving handleability during transfer of the reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′) and processability during the process for producing amolding material by applying the binder to the reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′). Binders such as epoxy resin, urethane resin, acrylicresin, and various thermoplastic resins can be used alone or incombination of two or more thereof as long as the object of the presentinvention is achieved.

<Poly (Phenylene Ether Ether Ketone) Oligomer (B)>

The poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) used in the presentinvention preferably has a melting point of not higher than 270° C.,preferably not higher than 250° C., more preferably not higher than 230°C., still more preferably not higher than 200° C., and particularlypreferably not higher than 180° C., for example. The lower the meltingpoint of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) is, thelower the processing temperature can be, and the lower the processtemperature can be set. This is advantageous because the energy requiredfor processing can be reduced. Further, the lower the melting point ofthe poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) is, the lower themolding temperature can be; consequently, the energy required for amolding process can be reduced, and thermal degradation of componentscan be reduced. Further, since the process temperature can be set low,for example, the melt-kneading temperature can be set sufficiently lowerthan the polymerization temperature in the step of melting and mixingthe polymerization catalyst (D) mentioned below and the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B). These effects inhibit such anunfavorable reaction that in the process for producing a moldingmaterial, the polymerization of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) proceeds during storage or before impregnation into thereinforcing fiber bundle (A) or reinforcing fiber substrate (A′),resulting in increased melt viscosity. The melting point of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) can be measured by observingan endothermic peak temperature using a differential scanningcalorimeter.

The poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) in the presentinvention is preferably a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)composition comprising a cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) inan amount of 60 wt % or more, more preferably 65 wt % or more, stillmore preferably 70 wt % or more, and yet more preferably 75 wt % ormore.

The cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) in the present inventionis a cyclic compound having p-phenylene ketone and p-phenylene ether ina repeating structural unit, represented by Formula (a) below.

In Formula (a), the number of repeating units (m) is in the range of 2to 40, more preferably 2 to 20, still more preferably 2 to 15, andparticularly preferably 2 to 10, for example. The melting point of thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) tends to increase withincreasing number of repeating units (m), and, therefore, the number ofrepeating units (m) is preferably in the above range in order to meltthe poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) at a lowtemperature.

Further, the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) ispreferably a mixture of cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)shaving different numbers of repeating units (m), more preferably atleast three different numbers of repeating units (m), still morepreferably at least four numbers of repeating units (m), andparticularly preferably at least five numbers of repeating units (m).Furthermore, it is particularly preferred that the number of repeatingunits (m) be consecutive. As compared to a single compound having asingle number of repeating units (m), a mixture of cyclic poly(phenylene ether ether ketone)s having different numbers of repeatingunits (m) tends to have a low melting point. Further, as compared to acyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) mixture of cyclic poly(phenylene ether ether ketone)s having two different numbers ofrepeating units (m), a mixture of cyclic poly (phenylene ether etherketone)s having three or more numbers of repeating units (m) tends tohave an even lower melting point. Furthermore, as compared to a mixtureof cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)s having nonconsecutivenumbers of repeating units (in), a mixture of cyclic poly (phenyleneether ether ketone)s having consecutive numbers of repeating units (m)tends to have an even lower melting point. The cyclic poly (phenyleneether ether ketone)s having different numbers of repeating units (in)can be analyzed by fractionation by high-performance liquidchromatography. Further, composition of the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B), i.e., the weight fraction of each cyclic poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) having different numbers of repeatingunits (m) contained in the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer(B) can be calculated from the peak area ratio of each cyclic poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) by high-performance liquidchromatography.

The main example of impurity components in the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B), i.e., components other than the cyclic poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) is a linear poly (phenylene ether etherketone). Since the linear poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) has a highmelting point, the melting point of the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) tends to increase as the weight fraction of thelinear poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) increases. Therefore, whenthe weight fraction of the cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)sin the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) is within therange described above, the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer(B) tends to have a low melting point.

The poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) in the presentinvention having characteristics described above preferably has areduced viscosity (η) of 0.1 dL/g or less, for example, more preferably0.09 dL/g or less, and still more preferably 0.08 dL/g or less, forexample. “Reduced viscosity” as used herein, unless otherwise specified,refers to the value obtained by measuring a solution of concentratedsulfuric acid with a concentration of 0.1 g/dL (the weight of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)/the volume of 98 wt %concentrated sulfuric acid) at 25° C. using an Ostwald viscosimeterimmediately after completion of dissolution in order to minimize theinfluence of sulfonation. The reduced viscosity was calculated by thefollowing equation.

η={(t/t ₀)−1}/C

(wherein t represents the transit time of a sample solution in seconds;to represents the transit time of a solvent (98 wt % concentratedsulfuric acid) in seconds; and C represents the concentration of asolution.)

Examples of methods for obtaining the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) used in the present invention include the methods[B1] to [B3] below. [B1] The production method in which a mixturecontaining at least a dihalogenated aromatic ketone compound, dihydroxyaromatic compound, base, and organic polar solvent is heated and allowedto react;

[B2] The production method in which a mixture containing at least alinear poly (phenylene ether ether ketone), dihalogenated aromaticketone compound, dihydroxy aromatic compound, base, and organic polarsolvent is heated and allowed to react; or [B3] The production method inwhich a mixture containing at least a linear poly (phenylene ether etherketone), basic compound, and organic polar solvent is heated and allowedto react is strongly desired to be used.

Representative reaction formulas of the above-mentioned methods [B1] to[B3] for producing a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)are shown below.

<Polymerization Catalyst (D)>

In the present invention, the polymerization catalyst (D) is notparticularly restricted as long as it is a compound having an effect ofaccelerating thermal polymerization of a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) into a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′).Known catalysts such as photopolymerization initiators, radicalpolymerization initiators, cationic polymerization initiators, anionicpolymerization initiators, and transition metal catalysts can be used,and, in particular, anionic polymerization initiators are preferred.Examples of anionic polymerization initiators include alkali metal saltssuch as inorganic alkali metal salts and organic alkali metal salts.Examples of inorganic alkali metal salts include alkali metal halidessuch as sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, cesium fluoride, andlithium chloride. Examples of organic alkali metal salts include alkalimetal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide, sodiumethoxide, potassium ethoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, and potassiumtert-butoxide; alkali metal phenoxides such as sodium phenoxide,potassium phenoxide, sodium-4-phenoxyphenoxide, andpotassium-4-phenoxyphenoxide; and alkali metal acetates such as lithiumacetate, sodium acetate, and potassium acetate. It is presumed thatthese anionic polymerization initiators exhibit catalytic action bynucleophilically attacking the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B). Therefore, compounds having a nucleophilic attackcapability comparable to that of these anionic polymerization initiatorscan also be used as the catalyst, and examples of such compounds havinga nucleophilic attack capability include polymers having an anionicallypolymerizable terminal. These anionic polymerization initiators may beused alone or in combination of two or more thereof. When thermalpolymerization of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)is carried out in the presence of such a preferred catalyst(s), a poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) is likely to be obtained in a shorttime, and, specifically, the heating time in the thermal polymerizationis not longer than 2 hours, not longer than 1 hour, and not longer 0.5hour, for example.

The amount of catalyst used varies depending on the molecular weight ofthe poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) of interest and the type ofcatalyst, but it is generally 0.001 to 20 mol %, preferably 0.005 to 15mol %, and more preferably 0.01 to 10 mol %, based on 1 mol of therepeating unit represented by the following formula, which is a mainstructural unit of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′). Whenthe catalyst(s) is/are added in an amount in this preferred range, thethermal polymerization of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) is likely to proceed in a short time.

Examples of the method of adding a polymerization catalyst (D) include,but are not limited to, the method in which a mixture of a poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) and a polymerizationcatalyst (D) is preliminarily prepared, and the mixture is combined withreinforcing fibers.

The mixture of a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) and apolymerization catalyst (D) may be obtained by any method, but it ispreferable to add the polymerization catalyst (D) to the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) and then disperse the polymerizationcatalyst (D) uniformly. Examples of the method for uniform dispersioninclude mechanical dispersion and dispersion using a solvent. Specificexamples of the mechanical dispersion include methods using a grinder,stirrer, mixer, shaker, or mortar. Specific examples of the dispersionusing a solvent include a method comprising dissolving or dispersing thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) in an appropriatesolvent; adding the polymerization catalyst (D) thereto; and thenremoving the solvent. When the polymerization catalyst (D) is solid indispersing the polymerization catalyst (D), the polymerization catalyst(D) preferably has an average particle size of 1 mm or smaller to allowmore uniform dispersion.

<Poly (Phenylene Ether Ether Ketone) (B′)>

The poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) in the present invention ispreferably obtained by conversion of a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) through thermal polymerization in the presence of apolymerization catalyst (D). The poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)(B′) as described herein is a linear compound having p-phenylene ketoneand p-phenylene ether in a repeating structural unit, represented byFormula (b) below.

The reduced viscosity (η) of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)(B′) in the present invention is not critical, but it is preferably inthe range of 0.1 to 2.5 dL/g, more preferably 0.2 to 2.0 dL/g, and stillmore preferably 0.3 to 1.8 dL/g, for example. When the viscosity iscontrolled to be in such a preferred range, a molding material that hasexcellent moldability and provides a molded article with excellentdynamic properties can be obtained.

The melting point of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) in thepresent invention cannot be uniquely determined because it variesdepending on the composition and molecular weight of the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B), the weight fraction of cyclic poly(phenylene ether ether ketone)s contained in the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B), and the conditions of heating, but it ispreferably in the range of 270 to 450° C., more preferably 280 to 400°C., and still more preferably 300 to 350° C., for example. When themelting point is controlled to be in such a preferred temperature range,a molding material having excellent moldability and heat resistance canbe obtained. The melting point of the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) (B′) can be measured in such a manner that the part of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) is taken out physically from themolding material of the present invention, and the endothermic peaktemperature of this sample is observed using a differential scanningcalorimeter.

When the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) is convertedinto a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) by thermalpolymerization, the heating temperature is preferably not lower than themelting point of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B),and such temperature conditions can be used without any restriction.When the heating temperature is lower than the melting point of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B), it is likely that it willtake a long time to obtain a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) bythermal polymerization or that the thermal polymerization will notproceed, so that a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) cannot beobtained. The lower limit of the heating temperature is, for example,not lower than 160° C., preferably not lower than 200° C., morepreferably not lower than 230° C., and still more preferably not lowerthan 270° C. In this temperature range, it is likely that the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) will melt and a poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) can be obtained in a short time.

When the temperature in thermal polymerization is too high, undesirableside reactions as represented by cross-linking reaction anddecomposition reaction are likely to occur, for example, between thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomers (B), between the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone)s (B′) formed by heating, and between thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) and the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B), and the resulting poly (phenylene etherether ketone) (B′) may have degraded properties. Thus, it is desirableto avoid temperatures at which such undesirable side reactionssignificantly occur. The upper limit of the heating temperature is, forexample, not higher than 450° C., preferably not higher than 400° C.,more preferably not higher than 350° C., and still more preferably nothigher than 300° C. When the heating temperature is not higher than thistemperature range, it is likely that adverse effects of the undesirableside reactions on the properties of the resulting poly (phenylene etherether ketone) (B′) can be prevented. In cases where a known poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer is used, because of its highmelting point, when the heating temperature is in the preferredtemperature range described above, it is likely that it will take a longtime for thermal polymerization or that the thermal polymerization willnot proceed, so that a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) cannotbe obtained; whereas in the case of the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) in the present invention characterized by having amelting point of not higher than 270° C., thermal polymerizationproceeds efficiently in the preferred temperature range described above,and a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) can be obtained.

The poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) in the presentinvention can also be thermally polymerized at a temperature not higherthan the melting point of the resulting poly (phenylene ether etherketone) (B′). The poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) obtainedunder such polymerization conditions, as compared to known poly(phenylene ether ether ketone)s, tends to have a high melting enthalpy,which results in increased crystallinity. This is probably because aphenomenon in which thermal polymerization of the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) and crystallization of the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) (B′) obtained by the polymerization proceedsimultaneously, i.e., so-called crystallization polymerization isproceeding. The lower limit of the melting enthalpy of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) obtained by crystallizationpolymerization is, for example, not less than 40 J/g, preferably notless than 45 J/g, and more preferably not less than 50 J/g. The meltingenthalpy of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) can be measuredin such a manner that the part of the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) (B′) is taken out physically from the molding material of thepresent invention, and the endothermic peak area of this sample isobserved using a differential scanning calorimeter

The heating temperature range where such crystallization polymerizationoccurs cannot be uniquely defined because it varies depending on theconditions such as weight fraction and composition ratio of cyclic poly(phenylene ether ether ketone)s in the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) used, and thermal polymerization method, but it is,for example, in the range of 160 to 330° C., preferably 200 to 300° C.

The reaction time cannot be uniquely defined because it varies dependingon the conditions such as weight fraction and composition ratio ofcyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)s in the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) used, heating temperature, and thermalpolymerization method, but it is preferably set such that theabove-described undesirable side reactions such as cross-linkingreaction will not occur, for example, in the range of 0.001 to 100hours, preferably 0.005 to 20 hours, and more preferably 0.005 to 10hours. When the reaction time is such a preferred reaction time, it islikely that adverse effects of the progress of undesirable sidereactions such as cross-linking reaction on the properties of theresulting poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) can be prevented.

<Thermoplastic Resin (C)>

The thermoplastic resin (C) used in the present invention may be, butare not limited to, polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate(PET) resin, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) resin, polytrimethyleneterephthalate (PTT) resin, polyethylene naphthalate (PENp) resin, andliquid crystal polyester; polyolefin resins such as polyethylene (PE)resin, polypropylene (PP) resin, and polybutylene resin; styrene resins;urethane resins; further, polyoxymethylene (POM) resin, polyamide (PA)resin, polycarbonate (PC) resin, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin,polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resin,polyphenylene ether (PPE) resin, modified PPE resin, polyimide (PI)resin, polyamide-imide (PAI) resin, polyetherimide (PEI) resin,polysulfone (PSU) resin, modified PSU resin, polyethersulfone (PES)resin, polyketone (PK) resin, polyether ketone (PEK) resin, polyetherether ketone (PEEK) resin, polyether ketone ketone (PEKK) resin,polyarylate (PAR) resin, polyether nitrile (PEN) resin, phenol resin,phenoxy resin, fluorine resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene; andcopolymers, modifications, and resin blends of two or more thereof.

Among them, engineering plastics or super engineering plastics such aspolyamide resin, polyetherimide resin, polyamide-imide resin, polyetherether ketone resin, and polyphenylene sulfide resin are preferably used,and polyether ether ketone resin is particularly preferably used becauseit shows excellent compatibility with a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B), has good fiber dispersibility, and provides amolded article having excellent appearance.

Through the use of such a thermoplastic resin (C), the effect ofimproving the dynamic properties of a molded article in the presentinvention can be better brought out.

From the standpoint of dynamic properties of a molded article obtainedby molding a molding material, the molecular weight of the thermoplasticresin (C) used in the present invention is preferably 10,000 or more,more preferably 20,000 or more, and particularly preferably 30,000 ormore, in terms of weight average molecular weight. A larger weightaverage molecular weight is advantageous because it enhances thestrength and ductility of a matrix resin. The upper limit of the weightaverage molecular weight is not particularly limited, but from thestandpoint of fluidity during molding, it is preferably not more than1,000,000, and more preferably not more than 500,000, for example. Theweight average molecular weight can be determined using common GPC(gel-permeation chromatography) such as SEC (size-exclusionchromatography).

The thermoplastic resin (C) exemplified above may containfiber-reinforcing agents, impact-resistance improvers such as elastomersor rubber components, and other fillers and additives as long as theobject of the present invention is achieved. Examples thereof includeinorganic fillers, flame retardants, conductivity-imparting agents,crystal nucleating agents, UV absorbers, antioxidants, vibrationdampers, antimicrobial agents, insect repellents, deodorizers, staininhibitors, heat stabilizers, mold releasing agents, antistatic agents,plasticizers, lubricants, coloring agents, pigments, dyes, foamingagents, foam suppressors, and coupling agents.

<Molding Material>

In a first preferred embodiment, the molding material of the presentinvention comprises a reinforcing fiber bundle (A), a poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B), and a thermoplastic resin (C).

Among the components, the amount of the reinforcing fiber bundle (A) is1 to 50 wt %, preferably 5 to 45 wt %, and more preferably 10 to 40 wt%, based on 100 wt % of the total components (A), (B), and (C). When theamount of the reinforcing fiber bundle (A) is less than 1 wt %, theresulting molded article may have poor dynamic properties, and when itis more than 50 wt %, fluidity may decrease during injection molding.

The amount of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) is0.1 to 20 wt %, preferably 1 to 18 wt %, and more preferably 5 to 15 wt%, based on 100 wt % of the total components (A), (B), and (C). When thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) is used in this range,a molding material having excellent moldability and handleability can beobtained.

The amount of the thermoplastic resin (C) is 30 to 98.9 wt %, preferably37 to 94 wt %, and more preferably 45 to 85 wt %, based on 100 wt % ofthe total components (A), (B), and (C). When the thermoplastic resin (C)is used in this range, a molding material having excellent moldabilityand handleability can be obtained.

In a second preferred embodiment, the molding material of the presentinvention comprises a reinforcing fiber bundle (A), a poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) (B′), a thermoplastic resin (C), and apolymerization catalyst (D).

Among the components, the amount of the reinforcing fiber bundle (A) is1 to 50 wt %, preferably 5 to 45 wt %, and more preferably 10 to 40 wt%, based on 100 wt % of the total components (A), (B′), and (C). Whenthe amount of the reinforcing fiber bundle (A) is less than 1 wt %, theresulting molded article may have poor dynamic properties, and when itis more than 50 wt %, fluidity may decrease during injection molding.

The amount of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) is 0.1 to 30wt %, preferably 1 to 18 wt %, and more preferably 5 to 15 wt %, basedon 100 wt % of the total components (A), (B′), and (C). When the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) is used in this range, a moldingmaterial having excellent moldability and handleability can be obtained.

The amount of the thermoplastic resin (C) is 20 to 98.9 wt %, preferably37 to 94 wt %, and more preferably 45 to 85 wt %, based on 100 wt % ofthe total components (A), (B′), and (C). When the thermoplastic resin(C) is used in this range, a molding material having excellentmoldability and handleability can be obtained.

Further, the amount of the polymerization catalyst (D) is 0.001 to 20mol %, preferably 0.005 to 15 mol %, and more preferably 0.01 to 10 mol%, based on 1 mol of the repeating unit represented by the followingformula, which is a main structural unit of the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B).

The molding material of the present invention is a molding materialcomprising a composite of a continuous reinforcing fiber bundle (A) anda poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) or poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) (B′), and a thermoplastic resin (C) configured toadhere to the composite.

The reinforcing fiber bundle (A) and the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) or poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′)together form a composite. The configuration of the composite is asshown in FIG. 1; the space between monofilaments of the reinforcingfiber bundle (A) is filled with the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) or poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′). In otherwords, the reinforcing fibers (A) are dispersed like islands in the seaof the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) or poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′). Further, the polymerizationcatalyst (D), in order to perform its function, is preferably located inthe sea of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) or poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) and/or at the interface between thereinforcing fiber bundle (A) and the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) or poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′).

In the molding material of the present invention, by using a compositeof a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) or poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) (B′) with excellent heat resistance and areinforcing fiber bundle (A) satisfactorily impregnated therewith, evenif the composite is adhered to a thermoplastic resin (C), for examplewhen the molding material of the present invention is injection molded,the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) or poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) (B′) melt-kneaded in a cylinder of an injectionmolding machine spreads into the thermoplastic resin (C), which helpsthe reinforcing fiber bundle (A) disperse into the thermoplastic resin(C). Further, the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) orpoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) is readily replaced with thethermoplastic resin (C), which allows the reinforcing fiber bundle (A)to be more readily dispersed. In view of such an effect, the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) or poly (phenylene etherether ketone) (B′) acts as a so-called impregnation aid/dispersion aid.

In the first and second preferred embodiments of the molding material ofthe present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, the reinforcing fiber bundle(A) is arranged substantially parallel to the direction of the shaftcenter of the molding material, and the length of the reinforcing fiberbundle (A) is substantially the same as the length of the moldingmaterial.

The phrase “arranged substantially parallel” as used herein refers to astate in which the major axis of the reinforcing fiber bundle and themajor axis of the molding material are oriented in the same direction.The angular difference between the axes is preferably 20° or less, morepreferably 10° or less, and still more preferably 5° or less. The phrase“substantially the same length” means that, for example, in a pelletedmolding material, a reinforcing fiber bundle is not broken halfwayinside the pellet, or the molding material is substantially free ofreinforcing fiber bundles that are significantly shorter than thefull-length of the pellet. The amount of the reinforcing fiber bundlethat are shorter than the full-length of the pellet is not particularlydefined, but when the content of the reinforcing fiber having a lengththat is 50% or less of the full-length of the pellet is not more than 30wt %, the molding material is evaluated to be substantially free ofreinforcing fiber bundles that are significantly shorter than thefull-length of the pellet. Further, the content of the reinforcing fiberhaving a length that is 50% or less of the full-length of the pellet ispreferably not more than 20 wt %. “Full-length of the pellet” refers tothe length in the orientation direction of the reinforcing fiber in thepellet. When the reinforcing fiber bundle (A) has a length equivalent tothat of the molding material, the reinforcing fiber length in the moldedarticle can be long, and, consequently, excellent dynamic properties canbe provided.

FIGS. 3 to 6 schematically show examples of configurations ofcross-sections of the molding material of the present invention in thedirection of the shaft center, and FIGS. 7 to 10 schematically showexamples of configurations of cross-sections of the molding material ofthe present invention in the orthogonal direction.

The configuration of the cross-section of the molding material is notlimited to those shown in the figures as long as a thermoplastic resin(C) is configured to adhere to a composite of a reinforcing fiber bundle(A) and a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) or poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′). Preferably, as shown in FIGS. 3 to5 showing cross-sections in the direction of the shaft center,configurations in which a composite serving as a core is sandwichedbetween thermoplastic resins (C) in layers are preferred.

Also, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 9 showing cross-sections in the orthogonaldirection, configurations in which such a core-sheath structure isformed that a composite serving as a core is surrounded by athermoplastic resin (C) are preferred. In the case of a configuration inwhich a thermoplastic resin (C) covers a plurality of composites asshown in FIG. 11, the number of composites is preferably about 2 to 6.

Alternatively, in the vicinity of an adhered boundary between acomposite and a thermoplastic resin (C), the thermoplastic resin (C) maypartially penetrate into part of the composite to be compatible with thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) or poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) (B′) in the composite or to impregnate intoreinforcing fibers.

In the direction of the shaft center of the molding material, it is onlyrequired that the cross-sectional shape be maintained substantially thesame and continuous. Depending on the molding method, such a continuousmolding material may be cut to a certain length.

The molding material of the present invention can be formed into a finalmolded article by blending a composite of a reinforcing fiber bundle (A)and a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) or poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) with a thermoplastic resin (C) usinga method, e.g., injection molding or press molding. In view ofhandleability of the molding material, it is important that untilmolding, the composite and the thermoplastic resin (C) not be separatedand the configuration as mentioned above be maintained. The poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) has a low molecular weight,and therefore, in most cases, it is generally a solid that is relativelyfragile and easily broken at normal temperature. Accordingly, thethermoplastic resin (C) is preferably configured to protect thecomposite so that the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)is not broken and scattered, for example, by material transportationbefore molding, impact of handling, and abrasion. Further, the compositeand the thermoplastic resin (C) have a different configuration (size,aspect ratio), specific gravity, and weight, and, therefore, may beseparated during material transportation before molding, handling, ormaterial transfer in a molding process, which can cause variation indynamic properties of molded articles, or decrease the fluidity to causemold clogging or blocking in the molding process.

Thus, it is preferred that, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, the thermoplasticresin (C) be configured to surround the composite of a reinforcing fiberbundle (A), which is reinforcing fibers, and a poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) or poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′).In other words, it is preferred that the composite of a reinforcingfiber bundle (A), which is reinforcing fibers, and a poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) or poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)(B′) forms a core structure, and the thermoplastic resin (C) surroundthe composite to form a core-sheath structure.

In such a configuration, a high-molecular-weight thermoplastic resin (C)wraps around the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) thatis easily broken, or the thermoplastic resin (C) is disposed on asurface that is easily abraded; therefore, the molding material islikely to maintain its shape, and the composite and the thermoplasticresin (C) can be firmly combined. Regarding which configuration isadvantageous, i.e., the configuration in which the thermoplastic resin(C) is configured to surround the composite of a reinforcing fiberbundle (A) and a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) orpoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) or the configuration in whichthe composite and the thermoplastic resin (C) are arranged in layers,the configuration in which the thermoplastic resin (C) is configured tosurround the composite is more preferred in terms of the ease ofproduction and handleability of materials.

As mentioned above, it is desired that the reinforcing fiber bundle (A)be completely impregnated with the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) or poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′). However, thatis practically difficult, and some voids are present in the composite ofthe reinforcing fiber bundle (A) and the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) or poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′). Thenumber of voids increases particularly when the content of thereinforcing fiber bundle (A) is large, but the impregnation/fiberdispersion-promoting effect according to the present invention isexhibited even when some voids are present. However, theimpregnation/fiber dispersion-promoting effect significantly decreaseswhen a void fraction is more than 40%. Thus, the void fraction ispreferably in the range of 0 to 40%, and more preferably in the range of20% or less. The void fraction is determined by measuring a compositepart according to ASTM D2734 test method (1997).

The molding material of the present invention is preferably cut to alength in the range of 1 to 50 mm when used. By adjusting the lengthwithin such a range, fluidity and handleability during molding can besufficiently improved. Examples of particularly preferred forms of themolding material cut to such an appropriate length include a long-fiberpellet for injection molding.

The molding material of the present invention can also be used in acontinuous or long form depending on the molding method. For example,the molding material in the form of a thermoplastic yarn prepreg can bewound around a mandrel with heating to obtain roll molded article.Examples of such molded articles include a liquefied natural gas tank.Also, a plurality of the molding materials of the present invention canbe unidirectionally aligned and heat-fused to produce a unidirectionalthermoplastic prepreg. Such a prepreg is applicable in fields thatrequire high strength, elastic modulus, and impact resistance, forexample, to aircraft members.

<Method for Producing Molding Material>

In the second preferred embodiment, the molding material of the presentinvention comprises a reinforcing fiber bundle (A), a poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) (B′), a thermoplastic resin (C), and apolymerization catalyst (D), and the molding material is preferablyproduced via the steps [i] to [iii] below because the configurationsmentioned above can be easily formed.

Step [i]: Producing a mixture of a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) and a polymerization catalyst (D).

Step [ii]: Forming a composite of the mixture and a continuousreinforcing fiber bundle (A) impregnated therewith.

Step [iii]: Adhering the composite to a thermoplastic resin (C).

<Step [i]>

In the step [i], an apparatus for producing a mixture may be anyapparatus that is equipped with a mechanism for mixing the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) and the polymerizationcatalyst (D) loaded, but the apparatus is preferably equipped with aheating source for heat-melting the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) in order to uniformly mix the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) and the polymerization catalyst (D). Further, toquickly proceed to the step [ii] after producing a molten mixture, theapparatus is preferably equipped with a delivery mechanism. Examples ofdrive systems for delivery include gravity-feed system, pressure-feedsystem, screw system, and pump system.

In the step [i], when producing a molten mixture, it is preferable toset the temperature and time such that thermal polymerization of thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) occurs as little aspossible. The temperature for producing a molten mixture is 160 to 340°C., preferably 180 to 320° C., more preferably 200 to 300° C., andparticularly preferably 230 to 270° C. When a molten mixture is producedin this preferred temperature range, the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) can be melted in a short time, and at the sametime, viscosity increase due to formation of poly (phenylene ether etherketone)s (B′) is unlikely to occur because thermal polymerization of thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) can be reduced.

In the step [i], the time for producing a molten mixture is notcritical, but to avoid thickening due to the progress of polymerizationof the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B), it ispreferable to proceed to the step [ii] as quickly as possible afterheating the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) and thepolymerization catalyst (D). The time is in the range of 0.01 to 300minutes, preferably 0.1 to 60 minutes, more preferably 0.3 to 30minutes, and still more preferably 0.5 to 10 minutes. When the heatingtime is in this preferred range, dispersion of the polymerizationcatalyst (D) in the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) issufficient, and at the same time, thermal polymerization of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) can be reduced.

The heating is preferably performed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere orunder reduced-pressure conditions. Here, “non-oxidizing atmosphere”refers to an atmosphere of inert gas such as nitrogen, helium, andargon. “Under reduced-pressure conditions” means that the pressure inthe system is lower than atmospheric pressure, and, for example, therange of 0.1 kPa to 50 kPa is a preferred range. Such conditions tend toinhibit the occurrence of undesirable side reactions such ascross-linking reaction and decomposition reaction, for example, betweenthe poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomers (B), between the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone)s (B′) formed by heating, and between thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) and the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B).

<Step [ii]>

In the step [ii], any apparatus may be used which is equipped with amechanism for impregnating the mixture obtained in the step [i] into acontinuous reinforcing fiber bundle (A), and examples thereof include anapparatus for feeding a molten mixture to a mold die such as a T-die ora slit die while passing a reinforcing fiber bundle through the molddie, an apparatus for feeding a molten mixture to a molten bath with agear pump and passing a reinforcing fiber bundle (A) with drawingthrough the molten bath, an apparatus for feeding a molten mixture to akiss coater with a plunger pump to apply to a reinforcing fiber bundle(A), and the method of feeding a molten mixture onto a heated rotatingroll and passing a reinforcing fiber bundle (A) over the roll surface.These apparatuses may be used in combination in order to improveimpregnation properties, and the composite obtained may be passedthrough the same apparatus more than once in loops.

In the step [ii], the temperature during impregnation of a melt-kneadedproduct is 160 to 450° C., preferably 200 to 400° C., more preferably230 to 350° C., and particularly preferably 270 to 300° C. When thetemperature during impregnation of a melt-kneaded product in thispreferred range, the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) isnot readily coagulated, thickened, or solidified, providing excellentimpregnation properties, and at the same time, undesirable sidereactions such as cross-linking reaction and decomposition reaction areunlikely to occur, for example, between the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomers (B), between the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)s(B) formed by heating, and between the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) and the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′).

In the step [ii], the time for impregnation of a melt-kneaded product isnot critical, but it is preferable to secure the time enough for themelt-kneaded product to sufficiently impregnate into a reinforcing fiberbundle (A). The time is in the range of 0.001 to 1,000 minutes,preferably 0.01 to 300 minutes, more preferably 0.1 to 60 minutes, stillmore preferably 0.3 to 30 minutes, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 10minutes. When the impregnation time is in this preferred range,impregnation of a melt-kneaded product into a reinforcing fiber bundle(A) is sufficient, and at the same time, the molding material can beproduced efficiently.

<Step [iii]>

In the step [iii], any apparatus may be used which is equipped with amechanism for adhering a thermoplastic resin (C) to the compositeobtained in the step [ii], and examples thereof include an apparatus forfeeding a molten thermoplastic resin (C) to a mold die such as a T-dieor a slit die while passing the composite through the mold die, anapparatus for feeding a molten thermoplastic resin (C) to a molten bathwith a gear pump and passing the composite through the molten bath, anapparatus for feeding a molten thermoplastic resin (C) to a kiss coaterwith a plunger pump to apply to the composite, and the method of feedinga molten thermoplastic resin (C) onto a heated rotating roll and passingthe composite over the roll surface.

In the step [iii], the temperature for adhering the composite to athermoplastic resin (C) cannot be generalized because it variesdepending on the properties of the thermoplastic resin (C) used, such asmolecular structure, molecular weight, and composition, but the lowerlimit is, for example, the melting point of the thermoplastic resin (C)used. The upper limit is, for example, the melting point describedabove, further, 80° C., preferably 50° C., more preferably 30° C., andstill more preferably 20° C. In such a temperature range, thethermoplastic resin (C) can be easily adhered to the composite, andphenomena that are undesirable for production can be prevented, such asthermal decomposition of the thermoplastic resin (C). The melting pointof the thermoplastic resin (C) can be measured by observing anendothermic peak temperature using a differential scanning calorimeter.

In the step [iii], the time over which the composite passes through anapparatus for adhering the composite to a thermoplastic resin is notcritical, but it is, for example, 0.0001 to 120 minutes, preferably0.001 to 60 minutes, and more preferably 0.01 to 10 minutes. When thetime over which the composite passes through the adhesion apparatus isin this preferred range, the composite easily adheres to a thermoplasticresin, and at the same time, the molding material can be producedefficiently.

In the production process of the molding material of the presentinvention, conversion of a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer(B) into a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) may be carried outin any of the steps [i] to [iii], but to efficiently carry out theimpregnation of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)into a reinforcing fiber bundle (A), it is preferable to selectivelypolymerize the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)simultaneously with and after the step [ii]. Also to satisfy suchrequirements, the above-described conditions such as apparatus,temperature, and time in the steps [i] to [iii] are preferred.

Further, it is also significant to further perform a heat treatment at160 to 450° C., preferably 200 to 400° C., more preferably 230 to 350°C., and particularly preferably at 270 to 300° C. after the steps [i] to[iii] to thermally polymerize the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) remaining in the molding material. When the heat treatmentis carried out at a temperature lower than 160° C., the polymerizationof the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) does not proceedwell and a long time may be required. When the heat treatment is carriedout at a temperature higher than 450° C., the thermoplastic resin (C)can melt in a short time, which results in loss of configuration of themolding material.

<Method for Producing Molded Article>

In the first preferred embodiment, the molding material of the presentinvention comprises a reinforcing fiber bundle (A), a poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B), and a thermoplastic resin (C). Sincethe poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) has a low meltingpoint, it has excellent processability in impregnation into thereinforcing fiber bundle (A), and a composite of the reinforcing fiberbundle (A) and the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) canbe easily produced, which is effective in improving the productivity ofthe molding material. Further, since the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) also has excellent fluidity, when the moldingmaterial of the present invention is injection molded, for example, thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) having excellentfluidity melt-kneaded in a cylinder of an injection molding machinespreads into the thermoplastic resin (C), which helps the reinforcingfiber bundle (A) disperse into the thermoplastic resin (C). Further, thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) is readily replacedwith the thermoplastic resin (C), which allows the reinforcing fiberbundle (A) to be more readily dispersed. In view of such an effect, thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) acts as a so-calledimpregnation aid/dispersion aid.

Further, in the present invention, the polymerization catalyst (D)serves as a so-called polymerization catalyst which promotes thermalconversion of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) intoa poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′). In producing a moldedarticle by molding the molding material of the present inventioncomprising a reinforcing fiber bundle (A), a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B), a thermoplastic resin (C), and a polymerizationcatalyst (D), the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) canbe thermally polymerized in the presence of the polymerization catalyst(D) to convert into a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′). Due tosuch an effect of the polymerization catalyst (D), for example, when themolding material of the present invention comprising the polymerizationcatalyst (D) is injection molded, polymerization of the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) into a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) (B′) proceeds in a cylinder and a mold in an injection moldingprocess, and a molded article having excellent dynamic properties can beobtained.

The molding material of the present invention can be formed into apredetermined shape by melting by heat. The temperature for melting themolding material varies depending on the raw materials selected, but itis preferably in the range of 160° C. to 450° C., more preferably 230°C. to 430° C., and still more preferably 270° C. to 400° C., forexample. When the temperature is lower than 160° C., the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) or poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)(B′) and/or the thermoplastic resin (C) may not melt, causing a problemin moldability. When the temperature is higher than 450° C., thethermoplastic resin (C) may undergo thermal decomposition, leading toreduction in physical properties of a molded article or causing voids.

The molding material of the present invention can be preheated beforemolding. The temperature for preheating the molding material variesdepending on the raw materials selected, but it is, for example, 160° C.to 450° C., more preferably 230° C. to 400° C., and still morepreferably 270° C. to 400° C. When the preheating is performed in such atemperature range, thermal polymerization of the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) into a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)(B′) proceeds, which can be effective in improving the dynamicproperties of a molded article. From the standpoint of productivity, themolding material subjected to such a preheating process may be loadeddirectly into a molding machine.

The molding material of the present invention may be subjected to apretreatment in addition to the preheating process as long as the objectof the present invention is achieved. Examples of pretreatments includedrying, degreasing, degassing, cutting, shaping, lamination,arrangement, and adhesion.

The molding material of the present invention can be processed into amolded article of final shape by various molding methods. Examples ofthe molding method include press molding, stampable molding, transfermolding, injection molding, and combinations thereof.

The molding material of the present invention can be formed into variousshapes: e.g., molded articles of complex shape, such as rib, boss, andgear; and molded articles with a broad width, such as flat plate, squareplate, and round plate. In the case of molded articles of complex shape,injection molding and transfer molding are preferably used, andinjection molding is more preferably used in terms of productivity. Inthe case of molded articles with a broad width, press molding andstamping molding are preferably used.

When the molding material of the present invention is used for injectionmolding, it is preferable to use the molding material in the form ofpellets. In injection molding, temperature, pressure, and kneading areapplied when the pelleted molding material is plasticized; therefore,according to the present invention, the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) or poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) exertsa significant effect as an impregnation/dispersion aid. In this case, aconventional in-line screw injection molding machine can be used. Evenif the kneading effect of a screw is small because, for example, a screwhaving a shape that provides a low compression ratio is used or the backpressure during plasticization of the material is set low, reinforcingfibers are satisfactorily dispersed in a matrix resin, and a moldedarticle in which fibers are satisfactorily impregnated with resin can beobtained.

Further, a molded article obtained by molding the molding material ofthe present invention can be heat treated. The temperature at which themolded article is heated varies depending on the raw materials used forthe molding material, but it is, for example, 160° C. to 450° C., morepreferably 230° C. to 430° C., and still more preferably 270° C. to 400°C. When the heat treatment is performed in such a temperature range,thermal polymerization of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) into a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) proceeds,which can be effective in improving the dynamic properties of the moldedarticle.

The molded article obtained by the present invention may be subjected toa post-treatment in addition to the heating process as long as theobject of the present invention is achieved. Examples of post-treatmentsinclude annealing, polishing, cutting, grinding, adhesion, and painting.

<Prepreg>

In a third preferred embodiment, the molding material of the presentinvention comprises a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′), a poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B), and a polymerizationcatalyst (D). The form of the molding material of the present inventionis not critical, but from the standpoint of productivity andhandleability, for example, the form of a prepreg obtained byimpregnating a substrate comprising the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′)with the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) and thepolymerization catalyst (D) is preferred.

The content of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) is preferably 30 wt% or more, more preferably 50 wt % or more, still more preferably 60 wt% or more, and particularly preferably 70 wt % or more, based on 100 wt% of the total of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) and the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B). When the content of thereinforcing fiber substrate (A′) is less than 30 wt %, the resultingmolded article may have poor dynamic properties. The upper limit of thecontent of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) is not limited, but itis preferably not more than 90 wt %, more preferably not more than 80 wt%, and still more preferably not more than 70 wt %. When the content ofthe reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) is more than 90 wt %, it can bedifficult to impregnate the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer(B) into the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′). The content of thereinforcing fiber substrate (A′) in the molding material of the presentinvention can be adjusted by controlling the supply of the reinforcingfiber substrate (A′) and the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B).

Further, the content of the polymerization catalyst (D) is 0.001 to 20mol %, preferably 0.005 to 15 mol %, and more preferably 0.01 to 10 mol%, based on 1 mol of the repeating unit represented by the followingformula, which is a main structural unit of the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B).

Further, for the molding material of the present invention, moldingmaterials having different impregnation rates of the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) can be produced depending on theapplication and purpose. Examples thereof include a prepreg with higherimpregnation properties, a semi-impregnated semipreg, and a fabric withlow impregnation properties. In general, a molding material with higherimpregnation properties tends to provide a molded article havingexcellent dynamic properties by molding in a shorter time. In contrast,a molding material with relatively low impregnation properties tends tobe excellent in drape property and shaping into, for example, a curvedshape.

Thus, in the molding material of the present invention, a firstpreferred aspect of the impregnation rate of the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) is a molding material having an impregnationrate of 80% to 100%. This is advantageous in terms of production of amolded article of simpler planar shape with high productivity.

Further, in the molding material of the present invention, a secondpreferred aspect of the impregnation rate of the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) is a molding material having an impregnationrate of 20% to less than 80%. This is a molding material havingexcellent drape property, and the molding material can be shaped inadvance to a mold, which is advantageous in terms of production of amolded article of relatively complex shape such as curved shape withhigh productivity.

“Impregnation rate of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer(B)” as used herein is expressed as a percentage (%) obtained byobserving a cross-section of the molding material using a lightmicroscope and dividing the area of impregnation of the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) by the total of the area ofimpregnation and the area of voids.

Examples of means for controlling the impregnation rate includetemperature and pressure in combining the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) with the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′). Ingeneral, the higher the temperature and the pressure are, the greaterthe effect of increasing the impregnation rate is. The lower the meltviscosity of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) is,the more the impregnation properties can be enhanced.

To the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) in the thirdpreferred embodiment of the molding material of the present invention,polymers or oligomers of various thermoplastic resins, variousthermosetting resins, impact-resistance improvers such as elastomers orrubber components, inorganic fillers, flame retardants,conductivity-imparting agents, crystal nucleating agents, UV absorbers,antioxidants, vibration dampers, antimicrobial agents, insectrepellents, deodorizers, stain inhibitors, heat stabilizers, moldreleasing agents, antistatic agents, plasticizers, lubricants, coloringagents, pigments, dyes, foaming agents, foam suppressors, couplingagents, or the like may be added as long as the object of the presentinvention is achieved.

Specific examples of thermoplastic resins include polyester resins suchas polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin, polybutylene terephthalate(PBT) resin, polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) resin, polyethylenenaphthalate (PENp) resin, and liquid crystal polyester; polyolefinresins such as polyethylene (PE) resin, polypropylene (PP) resin, andpolybutylene resin; styrene resins; urethane resins; further,polyoxymethylene (POM) resin, polyamide (PA) resin, polycarbonate (PC)resin, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin, polyvinyl chloride (PVC)resin, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resin, polyphenylene ether (PPE)resin, modified PPE resin, polyimide (PI) resin, polyamide-imide (PAI)resin, polyetherimide (PEI) resin, polysulfone (PSU) resin, modified PSUresin, polyethersulfone (PES) resin, polyketone (PK) resin, polyetherketone (PEK) resin, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) resin, polyetherketone ketone (PEKK) resin, polyarylate (PAR) resin, polyether nitrile(PEN) resin, phenol resin, phenoxy resin, fluorine resins such aspolytetrafluoroethylene; and copolymers, modifications, and resin blendsof two or more thereof.

Specific examples thermosetting resins include unsaturated polyesterresins, vinyl ester resins, epoxy resins, and phenol resins.

To facilitate the lamination of the molding material, it is alsopreferable to add a tackifier. As a tackifier, a compound with asoftening temperature of 150° C. or lower having a polar group in itsmolecule is suitably used. “Softening temperature” refers to a Vicatsoftening temperature defined in JIS K 7206-1999. Compounds with asoftening temperature of 150° C. or lower are preferred because theyhave a relatively small molecular weight and good fluidity to improvethe stickiness in lamination of the molding material; and compoundshaving a polar group in their molecules are also preferred because theyinduce weak bonding such as hydrogen bonding to improve the stickinessin lamination of the molding material. Specifically, ethylene-ethylacrylate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acrylate copolymer, terpene polymer,terpene phenol copolymer, polyurethane elastomer,acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), and the like are suitably used.

<Method for Producing Prepreg>

The molding material of the present invention in the third preferredembodiment can be produced, for example, by the wet method in which apoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) and a polymerizationcatalyst (D) are dissolved or dispersed in a solvent to reduce theviscosity and impregnated into a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′), orthe hot-melt method in which a mixture of a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) and a polymerization catalyst (D) is heated toreduce the viscosity and impregnated into a reinforcing fiber substrate(A′).

The wet method is a method for obtaining a molding material comprisingimmersing a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) in a solution or dispersionof a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) and apolymerization catalyst (D), pulling it up, and evaporating the solventusing an oven or the like.

The hot-melt method is a method for obtaining a molding material, forexample, by applying a molten mixture of a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) and a polymerization catalyst (D), the viscosity ofwhich mixture is reduced by heating, directly to a reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′) and performing hot-pressing for impregnation, or bycoating release paper or the like with a molten mixture of a poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) and a polymerizationcatalyst (D) to prepare a resin film, laminating the film(s) on bothsides or one side of a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′), and performinghot-pressing for impregnation. The hot-melt method does not use asolvent; therefore, resin viscosity needs to be reduced to some extentin the process of impregnation into a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′),but that is preferred because substantially no solvent remains in themolding material.

When the molding material of the present invention is produced by thehot-melt method, in the step of producing a molten mixture of a poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) and a polymerizationcatalyst (D) and the step of impregnating the molten mixture into areinforcing fibers (A), it is preferable to set the temperature and timesuch that thermal polymerization of the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) occurs as little as possible. The temperature inthe step of producing a molten mixture and the step of impregnating themolten mixture is 160 to 340° C., preferably 180 to 320° C., morepreferably 200 to 300° C., and particularly preferably 230 to 270° C.When the temperature is in this preferred range, the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) can be melted in a short time, and atthe same time, viscosity increase due to formation of poly (phenyleneether ether ketone)s (B′) is unlikely to occur.

The time spent on the step of producing a molten mixture and the step ofimpregnating the molten mixture is not critical, but to avoid thickeningdue to the progress of polymerization of the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B), it is preferable to proceed to the next step asquickly as possible after heating the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) and the polymerization catalyst (D). The time is inthe range of 0.01 to 300 minutes, preferably 0.1 to 60 minutes, morepreferably 0.3 to 30 minutes, and still more preferably 0.5 to 10minutes. When the heating time in this preferred range, dispersion ofthe polymerization catalyst (D) in the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) is sufficient, and at the same time, viscosityincrease due to formation of poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)s (B′)is unlikely to occur.

The heating is preferably performed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere orunder reduced-pressure conditions. Here, “non-oxidizing atmosphere”refers to an atmosphere of inert gas such as nitrogen, helium, andargon. “Under reduced-pressure conditions” means that the pressure inthe system is lower than atmospheric pressure, and, for example, therange of 0.1 kPa to 50 kPa is a preferred range. Such conditions tend toinhibit the occurrence of undesirable side reactions such ascross-linking reaction and decomposition reaction, for example, betweenthe poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomers (B), between the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone)s (B′) formed by heating, and between thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) and the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B).

In the molding material of the present invention, to obtain a moldingmaterial that has a high impregnation rate of the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) and provides a molded article with highdynamic properties, it is preferable to apply pressure in the step ofimpregnating a molten mixture. Such pressure is preferably in the rangeof 0.1 to 10 MPa, and more preferably in the range of 0.2 to 5 MPa, forexample.

In the molding material of the present invention, to obtain a moldingmaterial having a relatively reduced impregnation rate of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) and excellent moldability,it is preferable to apply almost no pressure in the step of impregnatinga molten mixture. Such pressure is preferably in the range of 0 to 0.1MPa, and more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.05 MPa, for example.Alternatively, it is also preferable to use the method comprising onceapplying pressure and then removing the pressure before the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) is cooled and solidified.Examples of the pressure device used to apply pressure include, but arenot limited to, pressing machines and rollers.

<Method for Molding Prepreg>

In the third preferred embodiment of the molding material of the presentinvention, at least one layer of the molding material is laminated inany configuration, and then the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) is polymerized while applying heat and pressure to obtain amolded article comprising a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) asa matrix resin.

Examples of methods of applying heat and pressure that can be usedinclude the press molding method in which the molding material laminatedin any configuration is placed in a mold or on a pressing plate, andthen the mold or the pressing plate is closed and pressurized; theautoclave molding method in which the molding material laminated in anyconfiguration is charged into an autoclave, and pressurized and heated;the bag-molding method in which the molding material laminated in anyconfiguration is wrapped with a film or the like and, with the internalpressure reduced, heated in an oven while being pressurized atatmospheric pressure; the wrapping tape method in which the moldingmaterial laminated in any configuration is wrapped with tape undertension and heated in an oven; and the internal pressure molding methodin which the molding material laminated in any configuration is placedin a mold, and a core that is also placed in the mold is charged withgas or liquid and pressurized. In particular, molding methods in whichpressing is performed using a mold are preferred because a moldedarticle with low void and excellent appearance quality can be obtained.

The lower limit of the heating temperature during molding is, forexample, not lower than 160° C., preferably not lower than 200° C., morepreferably not lower than 230° C., and still more preferably not lowerthan 270° C. In this temperature range, it is likely that the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) will melt and a poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (13′) can be obtained in a short time.

The upper limit of the heating temperature during molding is, forexample, not higher than 450° C., preferably not higher than 400° C.,more preferably not higher than 350° C., and still more preferably nothigher than 300° C. When the heating temperature is not higher than thistemperature range, it is likely that adverse effects of undesirable sidereactions on the properties of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)(B′) can be prevented.

Further, the molding material of the present invention is preferablymolded at a temperature not higher than the melting point of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′). This is a molding method takingadvantages of crystallization polymerization of the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) in the present invention, which moldingmethod is excellent in that thermal polymerization of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) and crystallization of thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) proceed simultaneously duringmolding, whereby demolding of a molded article can be carried out with amold-cooling process shortened, which process is necessary in molding ofan ordinary thermoplastic resin prepreg.

Examples of the method here for measuring the heating temperature duringmolding include, in the case of a molding method in which molding isperformed using a mold, measuring the surface temperature of the moldusing a thermometer such as a thermocouple.

The pressure during molding is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10 MPa,and more preferably in the range of 0.2 to 5 MPa, for example. When thepressure during molding is in this preferred range, voids will not occurin a large amount in the resulting molded article, and at the same time,the arrangement of the reinforcing fibers (A) will not be greatlydisarranged.

The time for performing hot-pressing during molding is not critical, butit is in the range of 0.001 to 1,000 minutes, preferably 0.01 to 300minutes, more preferably 0.1 to 60 minutes, still more preferably 0.3 to30 minutes, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 10 minutes. When theimpregnation time is in this preferred range, polymerization of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) into a poly (phenylene etherether ketone) (B′) sufficiently occurs, and at the same time, themolding material can be produced efficiently.

<Method for Producing Molding Material>

In a fourth preferred embodiment, the molding material of the presentinvention comprises a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′), a poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′), and a polymerization catalyst (D).The method for producing this molding material comprises at least thefollowing steps.

Step [I]: Drawing and continuously feeding a reinforcing fiber substrate(A′).

Step [II]: Combining the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) with a poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) to form a composite.

Step [III]: Polymerizing the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) into a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′).

Step [IV]: Cooling and taking up the composite of the reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′) and the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′).

Further, the method for producing a molding material of the presentinvention is characterized in that the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) used in the step [II] has a melting point of nothigher than 270° C.

From the standpoint of productivity, in the step [II] of the method forproducing a molding material of the present invention, it is preferableto add a polymerization catalyst (D) to the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) to promote the polymerization of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) into a poly (phenylene etherether ketone) (B′).

Although each step can be performed off-line, it is preferable toperform the steps [I] to [IV] on-line in terms of economic efficiencyand productivity.

“Performing the steps [I] to [IV] on-line” means that all the steps [I]to [IV] are carried out successively or intermittently in a continuousproduction line (see, for example, FIGS. 13 to 15).

Description will be given for each step.

<Step [I]>

The step [I] is a step of feeding a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) toa production line. To produce a molding material with high economicefficiency and productivity, the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) ispreferably fed continuously. “Continuous” means that the reinforcingfiber substrate (A′) which is a raw material is fed unceasingly withouta complete break. The feed rate may be constant, or feeding andcessation may be repeated intermittently. Further, to improve theshapability of the resulting molding material, the step [I] may comprisecutting a part of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) to provide aslit.

The step [I] is also intended to draw the reinforcing fiber substrate(A′) and dispose it in a given arrangement. Namely, the reinforcingfiber substrate (A′) to be fed may be in the form of a yarn,unidirectionally align sheet, or preform which is preliminarily shaped.Specifically, for example, a plurality of reinforcing fiber bundles isunidirectionally arranged in the form of a sheet, further passed througha roll bar, and fed to the production line; alternatively, a reinforcingfiber substrate (A′) preliminarily rolled up in the form a fabric,nonwoven fabric, or mat is mounted on a creel, drawn, passed through aroller, and fed to the production line. Methods using a roll arepreferably used because a large amount of molding material can beproduced at a time. Alternatively, for example, the reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′) is passed through a plurality of roll bars arranged so asto form a given shape and fed to the production line. Further, when thereinforcing fiber substrate (A′) is processed in a planar form, it maybe fed directly to the production line from, for example, a twisted andwound state. Further, providing rollers or roll bars with a driveallows, for example, adjustment of feed rate, which is more preferred interms of production control.

Further, in terms of productivity, the step [I] preferably comprisesheating the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) at 50 to 500° C.,preferably 80 to 400° C., and more preferably 100 to 300° C. Heating thereinforcing fiber substrate (A′) improves fixation of a poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) to the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′)in the step [II]. Also, a sizing agent or the like applied to thereinforcing fiber substrate (A′) can be softened for opening. Examplesof the heating method include, but are not limited to, noncontactheating with hot air or an infrared heater and contact heating with apipe heater or by electromagnetic induction.

Further, the step [I] more preferably comprises opening operation, forexample, when the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) is a unidirectionallyarranged substrate. “Opening” refers to an operation for separating abundled reinforcing fiber bundle, which can further enhance theimpregnation properties of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B). The opening reduces the thickness of the reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′), and the opening ratio (w₂/t₂)/(w₁/t₁) is preferably 2.0or more, and more preferably 2.5 or more, wherein w₁ is the width (mm)and t₁ is the thickness (μm) of a reinforcing fiber bundle beforeopening, and w₂ is the width (mm) and t₂ is the thickness (μm) of thereinforcing fiber bundle after opening.

Examples of the method for opening the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′)that can be used include, but are not limited to, passing thereinforcing fiber substrate (A′) alternately through a concave roll anda convex roll, using a drum-type roll, applying tension fluctuation toan axial oscillation, fluctuating the tension of the reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′) using two friction bodies that vertically reciprocate,and blowing air to the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′).

<Step [II]>

The step [II] is a step of combining the reinforcing fiber substrate(A′) with a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B). The methodfor combination is not particularly limited, and in accordance with theform of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B), thefollowing three methods [C1] to [C3] are preferred, for example.

[C1] A method for combination by applying a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) in at least one form selected from the groupconsisting of particles, fibers, and flakes to a reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′). When combination is performed by this method, the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) is preferably dispersed in agas phase or liquid phase.

The method using a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)dispersed in a gas phase is, in other words, a method in which a poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) in at least one formselected from the group consisting of particles, fibers, and flakes isscattered into a gas phase, and a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) ispassed through the gas phase. Specific examples thereof include passinga reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) through a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) scattered, for example, in a fluidized bed,scattering a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) directlyon a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′), and charging a poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) to electrostatically attach to areinforcing fiber substrate (A′).

The method using a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)dispersed in a liquid phase is, in other words, a method in which a poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) in at least one formselected from the group consisting of particles, fibers, and flakes isdispersed or dissolved in a liquid phase, and a reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′) is passed through the liquid phase. “Dispersed(dispersing)” means that the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) will not form a macroaggregate of 1 mm or larger viareaggregation and maintains its size in a preferred range in each formmentioned below. Examples of such methods for dispersing or dissolving apoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) in a liquid phaseinclude, but are not limited to, a method using a stirring apparatus, amethod using a vibratory apparatus, a method using an ultrasonicgenerator, and a method using a jet apparatus. To maintain the dispersedstate or dissolved state, it is more preferable to use these methodsalso in the liquid phase through which the reinforcing fiber substrate(A′) is passed.

Examples of the liquid phase used here include water and organicsolvents, and using pure water or industrial water is more preferredfrom the standpoint of economic efficiency and productivity. To aiddispersion of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B),various surfactants such as anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactantsmay be used in combination. The amount of surfactant used is notcritical, but it is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 5 wt %, forexample.

In the method for combination using a liquid phase, a particularlypreferred form of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)is an emulsion or dispersion. In this case, from the standpoint ofdispersibility, the average particle size is preferably 0.01 to 100 μm,more preferably 0.05 to 50 μm, and still more preferably 0.1 to 20 μm.

When the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) isparticulate, the average particle size is preferably 50 to 300 μm, morepreferably 80 to 250 μm, and still more preferably 100 to 200 μm fromthe standpoint of processability and handleability of particles. Whenthe poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) is fibrous, theaverage fiber diameter is preferably 0.5 to 50 μm, more preferably 1 to30 μm, and still more preferably 5 to 20 μm for the same reason. Theaverage fiber length is not critical, but it is preferably in the rangeof 1 to 10 mm, for example. When the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) is flaky, it preferably has the same thickness as in thecase of particles and a length 5 to 100 times the thickness.

The average particle size can be measured using, for example, a laserdiffraction/scattering-type particle size distribution analyzer. Theaverage fiber diameter, the average fiber length, and the thickness andlength of flakes can be measured using a light microscope. Whenmeasuring the average fiber diameter, the average fiber length, and thethickness and length of flakes using a light microscope, the averagevalue of the measurements at randomly selected 400 points observed at 20to 100× magnification may be used.

When an organic solvent is used as a liquid phase, any solvent may beused as long as it does not substantially cause undesirable sidereactions such as inhibition of polymerization due to heating of thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) and decomposition orcrosslinking of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) formed.Examples thereof include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide,dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone,dimethyl ether, dipropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, methylenechloride, trichloroethylene, ethylene dichloride, dichloroethane,tetrachloroethane, chlorobenzene, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol,pentanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, phenol, cresol,polyethylene glycol, benzene, toluene, and xylenes. Inorganic compoundssuch as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water can also be used as asolvent in the form of supercritical fluid. These solvents can be usedalone or in combination of two or more thereof.

Examples of specific methods include feeding an emulsion or dispersionof a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) into a water tankand passing a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) through the water tank,further passing the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) through the watertank with the use of a jet flow, and spraying an emulsion or dispersionof a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) directly on areinforcing fiber substrate (A′).

Further, in the method for combination using a liquid phase, the wateror organic solvent used is more preferably removed (deliquored) afterthe passage through the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) in terms ofproductivity. Examples of the removal method include air blowing, hotair drying, and suction filtration. In such a case, the rate ofdeliquoring the water or organic solvent from the composite is notcritical, but it is preferably 50 to 100%, more preferably 70 to 100%,and still more preferably 90 to 100%. Further, the liquid phase afterdeliquoring is particularly preferably recovered, circulated, and reusedin terms of productivity and environment. The deliquoring rate can bereadily determined from the difference in composite mass before andafter deliquoring operation.

[C2] A method for combination by applying a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) in at least one form selected from the groupconsisting of a film, a sheet, and a nonwoven fabric to a reinforcingfiber substrate (A′). “Film” as used herein refers to a poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) having an average thickness of not morethan 200 μm, and “sheet” refers to one having an average thickness ofmore than 200 μm. “Nonwoven fabric” refers to one in the form of a fibersheet or web in which fibers are unidirectionally or randomly oriented,and the fibers are bonded together via interlacing, fusion, or adhesion.The average thickness can be determined in such a manner that aplurality of sheets or films is laminated; measurements are made usingcalipers at randomly selected 10 points; and the thickness obtained isdivided by the number of lamination.

Examples of specific methods include transferring a reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′) to a conveyor and laminating a poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer(s) (B) in the form of a film on one or bothsurfaces of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) using a hot roller,fixing a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) in the form ofa nonwoven fabric by punching, and entangling a reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′) with a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)in the form of a nonwoven fabric using an air jet.

From the standpoint of economic efficiency and productivity, the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) in any form of a film, asheet, and a nonwoven fabric is preferably rolled. When it is difficultto roll the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) alone, onepreferred method is processing the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) into a relevant form, and then applying it on release paperfor rolling.

[C3] A method for combination by applying a heat-melted poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) to a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′).In the heat-melting here, an apparatus such as an extruder or a moltenbath can be used, which apparatus preferably has a function to transferthe melted poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B), such as ascrew, a gear pump, or a plunger.

Examples of specific methods include feeding a poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) to a mold die such as a T-die or a slit diewhile melting it using an extruder and passing a reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′) through the mold die, feeding a poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) to a molten bath with a gear pump and passinga reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) through the molten bath with drawing,feeding a melted poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) to akiss coater with a plunger pump and applying the melt of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) to a reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′), and feeding a melted poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) onto a heated rotating roll and passing a reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′) over the roll surface.

In the step of melting the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer(B), it is preferable to set the temperature such that thermalpolymerization of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)occurs as little as possible. The temperature in the step of producing amolten mixture and the step of impregnating the molten mixture is 160 to340° C., preferably 180 to 320° C., more preferably 200 to 300° C., andparticularly preferably 230 to 270° C. When the temperature is in thispreferred range, the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)can be melted in a short time, and at the same time, viscosity increasedue to formation of poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)s (B′) isunlikely to occur.

Further, the step [II] preferably comprises heating a composite of areinforcing fiber substrate (A′) and a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) to 160 to 340° C., preferably 180 to 320° C., morepreferably 200 to 300° C., and particularly preferably 230 to 270° C.Through this heating, the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer(B) softens or melts and can be fixed more firmly to the reinforcingfiber substrate (A′), which is advantageous for increasing productivity.When the heating temperature is in this preferred range, the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) can be melted in a shorttime, and at the same time, viscosity increase due to formation of poly(phenylene ether ether ketone)s (B′) is unlikely to occur.

Further, applying pressure simultaneously with or immediately after theheating promotes impregnation of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) into the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′), which isparticularly preferred. The pressure in this case is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.3 to 4 MPa, and still more preferably 0.5 to 3MPa from the standpoint of productivity.

Examples of specific methods include passing a composite through aheated chamber in which a plurality of pressure rollers is provided,passing a composite through a heated chamber in which calender rolls areprovided one above the other, and simultaneously performing heating andpressurization using a hot roller.

When a polymerization catalyst (D) is used, the polymerization catalyst(D) is preferably added in the step [II] from the standpoint ofdispersibility in a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B). Inthis case, a mixture of a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer(B) and a polymerization catalyst (D) may be used as processed into theform of particles, fibers, flakes, a film, a sheet, a nonwoven fabric,or a heated melt described above.

The mixture of a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) and apolymerization catalyst (D) may be obtained by any method, but it ispreferable to add the polymerization catalyst (D) to the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) and then disperse the polymerizationcatalyst (D) uniformly. Examples of the method for uniform dispersioninclude mechanical dispersion. Specific examples of the mechanicaldispersion include methods using a grinder, stirrer, mixer, shaker, ormortar. In dispersing the polymerization catalyst (D), thepolymerization catalyst (D) preferably has an average particle size of 1mm or smaller to allow more uniform dispersion.

<Step [III]>

The step [III] is a step of heating the composite of a reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′) and a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)obtained in the step [II] to polymerize the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) into a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′).The poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) is particularlypreferably thermally polymerized in the presence of the polymerizationcatalyst (D) to convert into a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′).

The lower limit of the temperature during thermal polymerization is, forexample, not lower than 160° C., preferably not lower than 200° C., morepreferably not lower than 230° C., and still more preferably not lowerthan 270° C. In this temperature range, it is likely that the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) will melt and a poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) can be obtained in a short time.

The upper limit of the temperature during thermal polymerization is, forexample, not higher than 450° C., preferably not higher than 400° C.,more preferably not higher than 350° C., and still more preferably nothigher than 300° C. When the heating temperature is not higher than thistemperature range, it is likely that adverse effects of undesirable sidereactions on the properties of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)(B′) can be prevented.

Further, the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) in thepresent invention can also be polymerized at a temperature not higherthan the melting point of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′)obtained by polymerization. In such a temperature range, the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) undergoes crystallizationpolymerization, which results in a molding material comprising as amatrix resin a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) withcrystallinity higher than usual and, in turn, melting enthalpy higherthan usual.

The reaction time until completion of the polymerization in the step[III] is preferably as short as possible because productivity andeconomic efficiency increase: e.g., process length can be shortened, ortake-up speed can be increased. The reaction time is preferably 60minutes or less, and more preferably 10 minutes or less, for example.The lower limit of the reaction time is not particularly limited, but itis not less than 0.05 minutes, for example.

In the polymerization of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) in the step [III], heating is preferably performed in anon-oxidizing atmosphere in order to inhibit the occurrence ofundesirable side reactions such as cross-linking reaction anddecomposition reaction. Here, “non-oxidizing atmosphere” refers to anatmosphere with an oxygen concentration of 5% by volume or less,preferably 2% by volume or less, and more preferably free of oxygen,i.e., an atmosphere of inert gas such as nitrogen, helium, and argon.Among them, a nitrogen atmosphere is preferred particularly in terms ofeconomic efficiency and handleability.

Also in the step [III], heating is preferably performed under reducedpressure. In this case, it is more preferred that the atmosphere in thereaction system be once replaced with a non-oxidizing atmosphere beforeadjusting to reduced-pressure conditions. “Under reduced pressure” asused herein refers to a condition where the pressure in the reactionsystem is lower than atmospheric pressure, and the pressure ispreferably 0.1 to 50 kPa, more preferably 0.1 to 10 kPa.

Further, the step [III] preferably comprises applying pressuresimultaneously with or after heating. It is preferred becauseimpregnation of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) with a poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) and a poly (phenylene etherether ketone) (B′) can be further improved. The pressure in this case ispreferably 0.1 to 10 MPa, more preferably 0.2 to 5 MPa, and still morepreferably 2 to 6 MPa from the standpoint of the balance betweenimpregnation properties and productivity. When the pressure is in thispreferred range, voids will not occur in a large amount in the moldingmaterial and, in turn, in the resulting molded article, and at the sametime, the arrangement of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) will notbe greatly disarranged.

Examples of specific methods include passing a composite through anitrogen-substituted system while applying pressure from above andbeneath with a double belt press; passing a composite through aplurality of calender rolls while applying pressure in anitrogen-substituted heating furnace; and placing a composite betweenpress molds at high temperature, sealing the space between the pressmolds, substituting the atmosphere in the molds with nitrogen uponpressurization, and opening the press molds after completion ofpolymerization under reduced-pressure conditions to pull out thecomposite. To improve impregnation properties, these apparatuses may beused in combination; the line may be wound in order to increase thelength; or the composite that has passed through the apparatus may berepeatedly used to loop through the same apparatus more than once.

<Step [IV]>

The step [IV] is a step of cooling and taking up the composite obtainedin the step [III]. Examples of the method for cooling that can be usedinclude, but are not limited to, cooling by blowing air, sprayingcooling water, passing through a cooling bath, and passing over acooling plate.

When the molding material is produced on-line, the take-up speed ispreferably as high as possible because it directly influences economicefficiency and productivity. The take-up speed is preferably 1 to 100m/min, more preferably 5 to 100 m/min, and still more preferably 10 to100 m/min.

Examples of specific methods include drawing with a nip roller, takingup with a drum winder, and gripping a substrate with a fixture andtaking up the substrate together with the fixture. When taking up asubstrate, the substrate may be cut partially with a slitter, may beprocessed into a sheet of a given length with a guillotine cutter or thelike, may be cut to a certain length with a strand cutter or the like,or may be kept in the form of a roll.

The method for producing a molding material of the present invention cancomprise other processes as long as the effects of the present inventionare not inhibited. Examples of the process include electron beamirradiation, plasma treatment, strong magnetic field application,surface material lamination, protective film application, and aftercuring.

The molding material obtained by the method for producing a moldingmaterial of the present invention comprises a reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′) and a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B).

Among them, the content of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) ispreferably 10 wt % or more, more preferably 30 wt % or more, still morepreferably 60 wt % or more, and particularly preferably 70 wt % or more,based on 100 wt % of the total of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′)and the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B). When thecontent of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) is less than 10 wt %,the resulting molded article may have poor dynamic properties. The upperlimit of the content of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) is notlimited, but it is preferably not more than 90 wt %, more preferably notmore than 80 wt %, and still more preferably not more than 70 wt %. Whenthe content of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) is more than 90 wt%, it can be difficult to impregnate the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) into the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′). Thecontent of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) in the molding materialof the present invention can be adjusted by controlling the supply ofthe reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) and the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B).

Further, when a polymerization catalyst (D) is contained, the contentthereof is 0.001 to 20 mol %, preferably 0.005 to 15 mol %, and morepreferably 0.01 to 10 mol %, based on 1 mol of the repeating unitrepresented by the following formula, which is a main structural unit ofthe poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B).

Such percentages can be readily achieved by controlling the supply ofthe reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) and the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B). For example, the supply of the reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′) can be controlled by the take-up speed in the step [IV],and the supply of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)can be controlled in the step [II] using a metering feeder or the like.For the supply of the polymerization catalyst (D), the amount in themolding material can be controlled by controlling the amount added tothe poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B).

Further, according to the production method of the present invention,molding materials having different impregnation rates can be produceddepending on the application and purpose of the molding material.Examples thereof include a prepreg with higher impregnation properties,a semi-impregnated semipreg, and a fabric with low impregnationproperties. In general, a molding material with higher impregnationproperties tends to provide a molded article having excellent dynamicproperties by molding in a shorter time. In contrast, a molding materialwith relatively low impregnation properties tends to be excellent indrape property and shaping into, for example, a curved shape.

Thus, in the molding material obtained according to the presentinvention, a first preferred aspect of the impregnation rate of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) is a molding material having animpregnation rate of 80% to 100%. This is advantageous in terms ofproduction of a molded article of simpler planar shape with highproductivity.

Further, in the molding material obtained according to the presentinvention, a second preferred aspect of the impregnation rate of thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) is a molding material having animpregnation rate of 20% to less than 80%. This is a molding materialhaving excellent drape property, and the molding material can be shapedin advance to a mold, which is advantageous in terms of production of amolded article of relatively complex shape such as curved shape withhigh productivity.

“Impregnation rate of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′)” asused herein is expressed as a percentage (%) obtained by observing across-section of the molding material using a light microscope anddividing the area of impregnation of the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) (B′) by the total of such area and the area of voids.

When measuring the areas using a light microscope, the average value ofthe measurements of randomly selected 20 images observed at 20 to 100×magnification may be used.

Examples of means for controlling the impregnation rate includetemperature and pressure in combining the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) in the step [II], and temperature and pressure inpolymerizing the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) into apoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) in the step [III]. In general,the higher the temperature and the pressure are, the greater the effectof increasing the impregnation rate is. The finer the form of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) is, the more theimpregnation properties can be enhanced.

<Method for Molding Molding Material>

The molding material obtained by the present invention can be moldedinto a molded article in such a manner that at least one layer of themolding material is laminated in any configuration and then molded whileapplying heat and pressure.

Examples of methods of applying heat and pressure that can be usedinclude the press molding method in which the molding material laminatedin any configuration is placed in a mold or on a pressing plate, andthen the mold or the pressing plate is closed and pressurized; theautoclave molding method in which the molding material laminated in anyconfiguration is charged into an autoclave, and pressurized and heated;the bag-molding method in which the molding material laminated in anyconfiguration is wrapped with a film or the like and, with the internalpressure reduced, heated in an oven while being pressurized atatmospheric pressure; the wrapping tape method in which the moldingmaterial laminated in any configuration is wrapped with tape undertension and heated in an oven; and the internal pressure molding methodin which the molding material laminated in any configuration is placedin a mold, and a core that is also placed in the mold is charged withgas or liquid and pressurized. In particular, molding methods in whichpressing is performed using a mold are preferred because a moldedarticle with low void and excellent appearance quality can be obtained.

The heating temperature during molding is, for example, in the range of160 to 450° C., more preferably 230 to 430° C., and still morepreferably 270 to 400° C. When the heating temperature during molding inthis preferred range, the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′)easily melts, and at the same time, the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) (B′) is unlikely to be thermally degraded.

Examples of the method here for measuring the heating temperature duringmolding include, in the case of a molding method in which molding isperformed using a mold, measuring the surface temperature of the moldusing a thermometer such as a thermocouple.

The pressure during molding is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10 MPa,and more preferably in the range of 0.2 to 5 MPa, for example. When thepressure during molding is in this preferred range, voids will not occurin a large amount in the molding material and, in turn, in the resultingmolded article, and at the same time, the arrangement of the reinforcingfiber substrate (A′) will not be greatly disarranged.

Time for performing hot-pressing during molding is not critical, but itis in the range of 0.001 to 1,000 minutes, preferably 0.01 to 300minutes, more preferably 0.1 to 60 minutes, still more preferably 0.3 to30 minutes, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 10 minutes. When theimpregnation time is in this preferred range, the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) (B′) melts sufficiently, and at the same time, the moldingmaterial can be produced efficiently.

The molding material obtained by the present invention can be easilymolded also by integrally molding such as insert molding or outsertmolding. Further, highly productive adhesion techniques can be employedafter molding, such as reformation by heating, heat welding, vibrationwelding, and ultrasonic welding.

<Molded Article>

The molded article using the molding material obtained by the presentinvention is excellent in heat resistance, mechanical properties, flameresistance, chemical resistance, and the like. Further, since the matrixresin in the molded article is a thermoplastic resin, the resin can beplasticized, for example, by heating, and thus the molded article can beeasily recycled or repaired. Examples of the molded article includeindustrial machine parts (e.g., automotive parts such as thrust washers,oil filters, seals, bearings, gears, cylinder head covers, bearingretainers, intake manifolds, and pedals; semiconductor/liquid crystalmanufacturing equipment parts such as silicon wafer carriers, IC chiptrays, electrolytic capacitor trays, and insulating films; compressorparts such as pumps, valves, and seals; and aircraft cabin interiorparts); medical equipment parts such as sterilization devices, columns,and tubes; and food/beverage production equipment parts. Further, sincethe molding material of the present invention has excellent fluidity, athin-walled molded article with a thickness of 0.5 to 2 mm can beobtained with relative ease. Examples of products that require suchthin-wall molding include housings used for personal computers, cellularphones, and the like, and members for electrical and electronicequipment as typified by a keyboard support which is a member forsupporting a keyboard inside a personal computer. In such members forelectrical and electronic equipment, electromagnetic shieldingproperties are provided when a conductive carbon fiber is used as areinforcing fiber, which is more preferred.

<First Method for Producing Fiber-Reinforced Composite Material>

The first method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material ofthe present invention is Resin Transfer Molding method (RTM), comprisingthe steps of (I-1) placing a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) in a mold,(II-1) heat-melting a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)to form a melt solution, (III-1) injecting the melt solution obtained inthe step (II-1) into the mold of the step (I-1) to impregnate thecomponent (B) into the component (A′), and (IV-1) thermally polymerizingthe component (B) into a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′),wherein the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) used instep (II-1) has a melting point of not higher than 270° C.

The step (I-1) is a step of placing a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′)in a mold. The mold used is preferably a rigid closed mold. Variousexisting materials such as metals (e.g., steel, aluminum, and INVAR) andfiber-reinforced composite materials are used as materials for the mold.

From the standpoint of shapability, the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′)preferably used is a fabric (cloth), nonwoven fabric, mat, or knit. Theshape of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) may be planar orirregular. These shapes may be used alone or arranged in combination. Inparticular, when an irregular fiber-reinforced composite material isdesired, preforms obtained by shaping a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′)to the design surface of a mold are preferably used.

The step (II-1) is a step of heat-melting a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) to form a melt solution. In the heat-melting here,an apparatus such as a molten bath can be used, which apparatuspreferably has a function to transfer the melted poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B), such as a screw, a gear pump, or a plunger.

The step (III-1) is a step of injecting the melt solution obtained inthe step (II-1) into the mold of the step (I-1) to impregnate the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) into the reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′).

When a rigid closed mold is used, into a mold clamped by pressurization,a melt solution of poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) isgenerally injected while applying pressure. In this case, in addition toan injection port, a suction port may be provided to suck the meltsolution by means of a vacuum pump or the like. It is also possible toinject the solution of poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)only by means of atmospheric pressure by suction without usingparticular pressurizing means.

The step (IV-1) is a step of thermally polymerizing the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) into a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) (B′).

The temperature during thermal polymerization preferably used is atemperature of the polymerization of the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) into a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′)described above. In particular, conditions under which thecrystallization polymerization described above occurs are preferablyused because the process for cooling a mold can be shortened whendemolding a molded article after polymerization. Examples of the methodhere for measuring the heating temperature include measuring the surfacetemperature of the mold using a thermometer such as a thermocouple.

The reaction time until completion of polymerization in the step (IV-1)is preferably as short as possible because productivity and economicefficiency increase. The reaction time is preferably 60 minutes or less,and more preferably 10 minutes or less, for example. The lower limit ofthe reaction time is not particularly limited, but it is not less than0.05 minutes, for example.

It should be noted that the above description is an example of RTMmethods, and the method for producing a fiber-reinforced compositematerial of the present invention is not limited thereto.

Further, in the first method for producing a fiber-reinforced compositematerial of the present invention, in addition to the reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′), a foam core, a honeycomb core, metal parts, or the likecan be placed in a mold to provide a fiber-reinforced composite materialintegrated therewith. In particular, a sandwich structure obtained byplacing reinforcing fiber substrates (A′) on both surfaces of a foamcore or honeycomb core followed by molding is useful because it islightweight and has excellent flexural rigidity.

Further, prior to placing a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) in a mold,a gelcoat can be applied to the surface of the mold.

<Second Method for Producing Fiber-Reinforced Composite Material>

The second method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material ofthe present invention is a so-called filament winding molding method,comprising the steps of (I-2) drawing and continuously feeding areinforcing fiber substrate (A′), (II-2) heat-melting a poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) in an impregnation bath to form a meltsolution, (III-2) passing the component (A′) continuously through theimpregnation bath of the step (II-2) to impregnate the component (B)into the component (A′) and winding the resulting composite around amandrel, and (IV-2) thermally polymerizing the component (B) into a poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′), wherein the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) (B) has a melting point of not higher than 270° C.

The step (I-2) is a step of drawing and continuously feeding areinforcing fiber substrate (A′). “Continuous” means that thereinforcing fiber substrate (A′) which is a raw material is fedunceasingly without a complete break. The feed rate may be constant, orfeeding and cessation may be repeated intermittently.

From the standpoint of productivity, the reinforcing fiber substrate(A′) preferably used is a reinforcing fiber bundle. Further, thereinforcing fiber substrate (A′) is more preferably opened beforefeeding. “Opening” as used herein refers to an operation for separatinga bundled reinforcing fiber substrate (A′), which can further enhancethe impregnation properties of a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B). Examples of the method for opening the reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′) that can be used include, but are not limited to, passingthe reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) alternately through a concave rolland a convex roll, using a drum-type roll, applying tension fluctuationto an axial oscillation, fluctuating the tension of the reinforcingfiber substrate (A′) using two friction bodies that verticallyreciprocate, and blowing air to the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′).

The step (II-2) is a step of heat-melting a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) in an impregnation bath to form a melt solution.The impregnation bath in this step is preferably equipped with a heatingsource for heat-melting the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer(B) to form a melt solution and further storing the melt solution for apredetermined time, and is preferably equipped with a mechanism by whichthe reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) is continuously immersed in themelt solution and taken up.

The step (III-2) is a step of passing the reinforcing fiber substrate(A′) continuously through the impregnation bath of the step (II-2) toimpregnate the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) into thereinforcing fiber substrate (A′) and winding the resulting compositearound a mandrel. The composite obtained here is wound spirally aroundthe mandrel at various angles to its axial direction. A surface materialor the like may then be wound tightly around the surface to squeeze outexcess resin.

The step (IV-2) is a step of thermally polymerizing the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) into a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) (B′). An oven and the like can preferably be used as a heatingapparatus, and examples of preferred methods include heating the mandrelaround which the composite was wound in the step (III-2) to polymerizethe poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B).

The temperature during thermal polymerization preferably used is atemperature of the polymerization of the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) into a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′)described above. Examples of the method here for measuring the heatingtemperature include measuring the atmosphere temperature in the ovenusing a thermometer such as a thermocouple.

The reaction time until completion of polymerization in the step (IV-2)is preferably as short as possible because productivity and economicefficiency increase. The reaction time is preferably 60 minutes or less,and more preferably 10 minutes or less, for example. The lower limit ofthe reaction time is not particularly limited, but it is not less than0.05 minutes, for example.

It should be noted that the above description is an example of filamentwinding methods, and the method for producing a fiber-reinforcedcomposite material of the present invention is not limited thereto.

According to the second method for producing a fiber-reinforcedcomposite material of the present invention, a cylindricalfiber-reinforced composite material can be readily obtained. Thus, themethod is suitable for various industrial machine parts such asautomotive propeller shafts, CNG tanks, and flywheels; andsports/leisure goods such as golf shafts and fishing rods.

<Third Method for Producing Fiber-Reinforced Composite Material>

The third method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material ofthe present invention is a so-called pultrusion molding method,comprising the steps of (I-3) drawing and continuously feeding areinforcing fiber substrate (A′), (II-3) heat-melting a poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) in an impregnation bath to form a meltsolution, (III-3) passing the component (A′) continuously through theimpregnation bath of the step (II-3) to form a composite of thecomponent (B) and the component (A′) impregnated therewith, and (IV-3)pultruding the composite obtained continuously through a mold tothermally polymerize the component (B) into a poly (phenylene etherether ketone) (B′), wherein the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B)has a melting point of not higher than 270° C.

The step (I-3) is a step of drawing and continuously feeding areinforcing fiber substrate (A′). “Continuous” means that thereinforcing fiber substrate (A′) which is a raw material is fedunceasingly without a complete break. The feed rate may be constant, orfeeding and cessation may be repeated intermittently.

From the standpoint of productivity, the reinforcing fiber substrate(A′) preferably used is a unidirectionally arranged substrate.Specifically, for example, a method is preferably used in which aplurality of reinforcing fiber bundles is unidirectionally arranged inthe form of a sheet, further passed through a roll bar, and fed to aproduction line.

Further, the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) is more preferably openedbefore feeding. “Opening” as used herein refers to an operation forseparating a bundled reinforcing fiber substrate (A′), which can furtherenhance the impregnation properties of a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B). Examples of the method for opening the reinforcingfiber substrate (A′) that can be used include, but are not limited to,passing the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) alternately through aconcave roll and a convex roll, using a drum-type roll, applying tensionfluctuation to an axial oscillation, fluctuating the tension of thereinforcing fiber substrate (A′) using two friction bodies thatvertically reciprocate, and blowing air to the reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′).

The step (II-3) is a step of heat-melting a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) in an impregnation bath to form a melt solution.The impregnation bath in this step is preferably equipped with a heatingsource for heat-melting the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer(B) to form a melt solution and further storing the melt solution for apredetermined time, and is preferably equipped with a mechanism by whichthe reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) is continuously immersed in themelt solution and taken up.

The step (III-3) is a step of passing the reinforcing fiber substrate(A′) continuously through the impregnation bath of the step (II-3) toform a composite of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)and the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) impregnated therewith.

Further, the composite obtained in the step (II-3) may be passed througha squeeze die before being passed through the mold of the step (III-3).“Squeeze die” as used herein refers to a fixture for scraping excessmelt solution from the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) that has passedthrough the impregnation bath. The squeeze die may be of any shape aslong as excess melt solution can be scraped off, and examples of theshape of the cross-section taken perpendicular to the pultrusiondirection include a circle, rectangle, and square. The squeeze die maybe of any material, and preferred examples thereof include metals,plastics, and ceramics.

The step (IV-3) is a step of pultruding the composite obtainedcontinuously through a mold to thermally polymerize the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) into a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) (B′).

The mold used in this step may be any mold as long as it has across-sectional shape that corresponds to the shape of the finalfiber-reinforced composite material of interest, and examples of thecross-sectional shape include a circle, oval, rectangle, square,L-shape, and U-shape. Examples of the material of the mold includesteel, aluminum, and INVAR.

The temperature during thermal polymerization preferably used is atemperature of the polymerization of the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) into a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′)described above. Examples of the method here for measuring the heatingtemperature include measuring the surface temperature of the mold usinga thermometer such as a thermocouple.

The reaction time until completion of polymerization in the step (IV-3)is preferably as short as possible because productivity and economicefficiency increase. The reaction time is preferably 60 minutes or less,and more preferably 10 minutes or less, for example. The lower limit ofthe reaction time is not particularly limited, but it is not less than0.05 minutes, for example.

Examples of methods for pulling out the fiber-reinforced compositematerial obtained in the present invention include, but are not limitedto, drawing with a nip roller or a belt conveyor and taking up with adrum winder.

Prior to the pultrusion operation described above, the fiber-reinforcedcomposite material obtained is preferably cooled. Examples of coolingmethods include, but are not limited to, passing in contact with aroller equipped with a cooling unit, passing in contact with a coolingplate, and passing through a cooling bath. In particular, the method ofpassing in contact with a roller equipped with a cooling unit ispreferably used because pressure can be applied.

It should be noted that the above description is an example ofpultrusion molding methods, and the method for producing afiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention is notlimited thereto.

According to the third method for producing a fiber-reinforced compositematerial of the present invention, a long fiber-reinforced compositematerial can be readily obtained. Thus, the fiber-reinforced compositematerial is suitably used as a reinforcing material for buildings,vehicles, and aircrafts.

The method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material of thepresent invention can comprise other processes as long as the effects ofthe present invention are not inhibited. Examples of the process includeelectron beam irradiation, plasma treatment, strong magnetic fieldapplication, surface material lamination, protective film application,and after curing.

<Forming Melt Solution of Poly (Phenylene Ether Ether Ketone) Oligomer(B)>

In the step (II-1), (II-2), or (II-3) in the method for producing afiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention, the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) needs to be formed into amelt solution by heat-melting. The temperature for forming a meltsolution by heat-melting is preferably set at such a temperature thatthermal polymerization of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) occurs as little as possible. Such a temperature is, forexample, in the range of 160 to 340° C., preferably 180 to 320° C., morepreferably 200 to 300° C., and particularly preferably 230 to 270° C.When the temperature is in this range, the melt viscosity of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) can be adjusted to 10 Pa·sor lower, facilitating impregnation into a reinforcing fiber substrate(A′). When the temperature is this preferred in range, the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) can be melted in a shorttime, and at the same time, viscosity increase due to formation of poly(phenylene ether ether ketone)s (B′) is unlikely to occur.

<Fiber-Reinforced Composite Material>

The fiber-reinforced composite material obtained in the presentinvention comprises a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) and a poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B).

Among them, the content of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) ispreferably 10 wt % or more, more preferably 30 wt % or more, still morepreferably 60 wt % or more, and particularly preferably 70 wt % or more,based on 100 wt % of the total of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′)and the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B). The upperlimit of the content of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) is notlimited, but it is preferably not more than 90 wt %, more preferably notmore than 80 wt %, and still more preferably not more than 70 wt %. Whenthe content of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) in this preferredrange, the resulting molded article has sufficient dynamic properties,and in addition, the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) iseasily impregnated into the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′). Thecontent of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) in the fiber-reinforcedcomposite material obtained according to the present invention can beadjusted by controlling the supply of the reinforcing fiber substrate(A′) and the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B).

Further, when a polymerization catalyst (D) is contained, the contentthereof is 0.001 to 20 mol %, preferably 0.005 to 15 mol %, and morepreferably 0.01 to 10 mol %, based on 1 mol of the repeating unitrepresented by the following formula, which is a main structural unit ofthe poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B).

For the supply of the polymerization catalyst (D), the amount in thefiber-reinforced composite material can be controlled by controlling theamount added to the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B).

The fiber-reinforced composite material obtained in the presentinvention is preferably has a small void fraction. A preferred range ofthe void fraction is, for example, 0 to 20%. When the void fraction isin such a range, a fiber-reinforced composite material having excellentdynamic properties can be obtained.

“Void fraction of the fiber-reinforced composite material” as usedherein is expressed as a percentage (%) obtained by observing across-section of the fiber-reinforced composite material using a lightmicroscope and dividing the area of voids by the total area observed.

When measuring the areas using a light microscope, the average value ofthe measurements of randomly selected 20 images observed at 20 to 100×magnification may be used.

In the step (IV-1), (IV-2), or (IV-3) in the method for producing afiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention, performingpolymerization reaction of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) into a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) in atemperature range of 160 to 330° C., preferably 200 to 300° C., allowsthe crystallization polymerization mentioned above to proceed. Adjustingto such conditions is preferred in terms of productivity: e.g., theprocess for cooling the fiber-reinforced composite material can beshortened.

The fiber-reinforced composite material obtained in the presentinvention can be used for integrally molding such as insert molding oroutsert molding. Further, highly productive adhesion techniques can beemployed, such as reformation by heating, heat welding, vibrationwelding, and ultrasonic welding.

The fiber-reinforced composite material obtained in the presentinvention is excellent in heat resistance, mechanical properties, flameresistance, chemical resistance, and the like because the matrix resintherein is a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone). Further, since thematrix resin is a thermoplastic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone), theresin can be plasticized, for example, by heating, and thus theresulting molded article can be easily recycled or repaired.

Examples of the application thereof include industrial machine parts(e.g., automotive parts such as thrust washers, oil filters, seals,bearings, gears, cylinder head covers, bearing retainers, intakemanifolds, and pedals; semiconductor/liquid crystal manufacturingequipment parts such as silicon wafer carriers, IC chip trays,electrolytic capacitor trays, and insulating films; compressor partssuch as pumps, valves, and seals; and aircraft cabin interior parts);medical equipment parts such as sterilization devices, columns, andtubes; and food/beverage production equipment parts.

EXAMPLES

The present invention will now be described in more detail by way ofexample.

Evaluation methods used in the present invention will be describedbelow.

(1) Quantification of Cyclic Poly (Phenylene Ether Ether Ketone)

Cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)s in a poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) was quantified using high-performance liquidchromatography. Measurement conditions will be described below.

Apparatus: LC-10Avp Series manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation Column:Mightysil RP-18GP150-4.6

Detector: Photodiode array detector (UV=270 nm)

Column temperature: 40° C.

Sample: 0.1 wt % THF solution

Mobile phase: THF/0.1 w % aqueous trifluoroacetic acid solution

(2) Differential Scanning Calorimeter

In accordance with JIS K 7121 (1987), measurements were made using adifferential scanning calorimeter, DSC system TA3000 (available fromMETTLER), at a temperature rise rate of 10° C./min. The melting peaktemperature was employed as a melting point, and a melting enthalpy wasdetermined from the melting peak area.

(3) Infrared Spectroscopy Analyzer

Absorption spectra were measured by infrared spectroscopy under thefollowing conditions.

Apparatus: Perkin Elmer System 2000 FT-IR

Sample preparation: KBr method

(4) Viscosity Measurement

Reduced viscosities were measured under the following conditions.

Viscometer: Ostwald viscosimeter

Solvent: 98 wt % sulfuric acid

Sample concentration: 0.1 g/dL (sample weight/solvent volume)

Measurement temperature: 25° C.

Equation of reduced viscosity: η={(t/t₀)−1}/C

t: Transit time of sample solution in seconds

t₀: Transit time of solvent in seconds

C: Concentration of solution

(5) Evaluation of Productivity of Molding Material

The shape of the molding material obtained was visually observed tocheck for defective products (resin cracks, reinforcing fiber dropout).From the molding material obtained, 20 g of samples were randomlyextracted. Using as a criterion a defective rate which corresponds tothe total number of defective products in the samples, evaluation wascarried out on the following 3-point scale, and “good” and “fair” wereevaluated as acceptable.

Good: The defective rate is less than 1/20 g. Productivity of themolding material is particularly excellent.

Fair: The defective rate is 1/20 g to less than 5/20 g. Productivity ofthe molding material is excellent.

Bad: The defective rate is not less than 5/20 g. Productivity of themolding material is poor.

(6) Average Fiber Length of Reinforcing Fibers Contained in MoldedArticle Obtained Using Molding Material

A portion of a molded article was cut out and hot-pressed at 400° C. toobtain a 30-μm-thick film. The film obtained was observed under a lightmicroscope at 150× magnification to observe fibers dispersed in thefilm. The length of the fibers was measured in micrometers, and theweight average fiber length (Lw) and the number average fiber length(Ln) were determined by the following equation.

Weight average fiber length (Lw)=Σ(Li×Wi/100)

Number average fiber length (Ln)=(ΣLi)/N _(total)

Li: Measured fiber length (i=1, 2, 3, . . . , n)

Wi: Weight fraction of fibers with a fiber length of Li (i=1, 2, 3, . .. , n)

N_(total): Total number of fibers subjected to fiber length measurement

(7) Densitie of Molded Article Obtained Using Molding Material

Measurements were made in accordance with the method A (waterdisplacement method) described in JIS K 7112 (1999) 5. A test piece of 1cm×1 cm was cut out from a molded article and loaded into aheat-resistant glass container. The container was vacuum-dried at atemperature of 80° C. for 12 hours, and cooled to room temperature in adesiccator so that the test piece does not absorb moisture. Ethanol wasused as an immersion liquid.

(8) Appearance Evaluation of Molded Article Obtained Using MoldingMaterial

The surface of a thin planar molded article of 150 mm (width)×150 mm(length)×1.2 mm (thickness) obtained by injection molding was visuallyobserved, and the number of dispersion defects (e.g., swelling andblistering) of reinforcing fibers was measured. Measurements were madeon 20 samples, and using as a criterion the average number of defectsobtained by dividing the total number of dispersion defects by thenumber of samples, evaluation was carried out on the following 4-pointscale. “Excellent” and “good” were evaluated as acceptable.

Excellent: No dispersion defects are observed in all the moldedarticles. Surface appearance is particularly excellent.

Good: The average number of defects is more than 0 and less than0.1/sample. Surface appearance is excellent.

Fair: The average number of defects is 0.1/sample to less than0.5/sample. Surface appearance is somewhat poor.

Bad: The average number of defects is not less than 0.5/sample. Surfaceappearance is poor.

(9) Measurement of the Content of Reinforcing Fiber Substrate (A′) inMolding Material

A molding material was cut into 20-mm-square pieces, and poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomers (B) were extracted by Soxhlet extractionusing 100 g of chloroform at 80° C. over 5 hours. The residue was dried,and the fiber weight content was calculated from the weight differencebefore and after extraction. The number of measurements n was 3.

(10) Evaluation of Impregnation Rate of Poly (Phenylene Ether EtherKetone) Oligomer (B) or Poly (Phenylene Ether Ether Ketone) (B′) inMolding Material

The cross-section through the thickness of a molding material wasobserved for measurement as described below. A molding material wasembedded in epoxy resin to prepare a sample, which was polished untilthe cross-section through the thickness of the molding material was ableto be satisfactorily observed. Using the sample obtained here, the areaof 500 μm (thickness×width) of the molding material was photographed at400× magnification using an ultra-deep color 3D profile measuringmicroscope VK-9500 (controller unit)/VK-9510 (measuring unit)(manufactured by KEYENCE CORPORATION.). In the photographed image, thearea of parts occupied by the resin and the area of void parts weredetermined, and the impregnation rate was calculated by the followingequation.

Impregnation rate(%)=100×(total area of parts occupied by resin)/{(totalarea of parts occupied by resin)+(total area of void parts)}

The impregnation rate of a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer(B) or poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) was evaluated on thefollowing 3-point scale using the impregnation rate as a criterion, and“good” and “fair” were evaluated as acceptable.

Good: Impregnation rate is 80% to 100%.

Fair: Impregnation rate is 20% to less than 80%.

Bad: Impregnation rate is less than 20%.

(11) Evaluation of Drape Property of Molding Material

The drape property in the present invention refers to the extent towhich a molding material flexibly follows a mold without causingbreakage of the molding material or fibers when the molding material isdeformed along the mold. In the present invention, an evaluation fixture5 shown in FIG. 12 was used for evaluation. The fixture 5 had a length(a) of 100 mm, a height (b) of 100 mm, and a block corner angle (d) of90°. The prepreg obtained was cut into 100 mm (length)×10 mm (width) toprepare a test sample 6. In this case, the longitudinal direction of thesample is made to agree with the longitudinal direction of a reinforcingfiber substrate (A′). As shown in FIG. 12, 200 g of a heavy bob 7 wasattached to one end of the sample, and the other end and the midpointwere fastened to the fixture 12 with clamps 8 (length of fastened part(c): 50 mm). The molding material is observed when the heavy bob 7 isstationary. The drape property of each sample was evaluated on a 4-pointscale according to the following criteria.

Excellent: The sample is substantially in contact with the block faceforming an angle of 90° without breakage of the molding material orreinforcing fibers. (Drape property is particularly excellent.)

Good: The sample is bent at the block corner forming an angle of 90°without breakage of the molding material or reinforcing fibers. Whenanother force is applied, the sample can be forcibly in contact with theblock face without breakage of the prepreg or reinforcing fibers. (Drapeproperty is excellent.)

Fair: The sample is bent at the block corner forming an angle of 90°without breakage of the molding material or reinforcing fibers. Evenwhen another force is applied, the sample cannot be forcibly in contactwith the block face, or breakage of the molding material and reinforcingfibers occurs. (Drape property is somewhat poor.)

Bad: The sample is bent at the block corner forming an angle of 90°, butbreakage of the prepreg and reinforcing fibers occurs; or the sample isnot bent at the block corner forming an angle of 90°. (Drape property ispoor.)

(12) Void Fraction Evaluation of Molded Article Obtained Using MoldingMaterial or Fiber-Reinforced Composite Material

The cross-section through the thickness of a molded article orfiber-reinforced composite material was observed for measurement asdescribed below. A molded article or fiber-reinforced composite materialwas embedded in epoxy resin to prepare a sample, which was polisheduntil the cross-section through the thickness of the molded article orfiber-reinforced composite material was able to be satisfactorilyobserved. Using the sample obtained here, the area of 500 μm(thickness×width) of the molded article or fiber-reinforced compositematerial was photographed at 400× magnification using an ultra-deepcolor 3D profile measuring microscope VK-9500 (controller unit)/VK-9510(measuring unit) (manufactured by KEYENCE CORPORATION.). In thephotographed image, the area of void parts was determined, and theimpregnation rate was calculated by the following equation.

Void fraction(%)=100×(total area of void parts)/(total area ofobservation sites of molded article or fiber-reinforced compositematerial)

The void fraction of a molded article was evaluated on the following3-point scale using the void fraction as a criterion. For moldedarticles obtained using a molding material, “good” and “fair” wereevaluated as acceptable, and for fiber-reinforced composite materials,“good” was evaluated as acceptable.

Good: Void fraction is 0% to 20%. Variation in physical properties isvery little.

Fair: Void fraction is more than 20% and not more than 40%. Variation inphysical properties is little.

Bad: Void fraction is more than 40%. Variation in physical properties islarge.

(13) Melt Viscosity Measurement

Melt viscosities were measured with a dynamic viscoelasticity measuringapparatus under the following conditions.

Apparatus: ARES manufactured by TA Instruments

Plate: Parallel plate, diameter 40 mm

(14) Content of Reinforcing Fiber Substrate (A′) in Fiber-ReinforcedComposite Material

The content of a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) in a fiber-reinforcedcomposite material was determined from the weight of the reinforcingfiber substrate (A′) used to produce the fiber-reinforced compositematerial and the weight of the fiber-reinforced composite materialobtained using the following equation.

Content of reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) (wt %)=100×(weight ofreinforcing fiber substrate (A′) used)/(weight of fiber-reinforcedcomposite material obtained)

Preparation of Poly (Phenylene Ether Ether Ketone) Oligomer (B)(Reference Example 1) Method for Producing Poly (Phenylene Ether EtherKetone) Oligomer (B) [B1]

To a four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, nitrogen inlet tube,Dean-Stark apparatus, condenser tube, and thermometer, 2.40 g (11 mmol)of 4,4′-difluoro benzophenone, 1.10 g (10 mmol) of hydroquinone, 1.52 g(11 mmol) of anhydrous potassium carbonate, 100 mL of dimethylsulfoxide, and 10 mL of toluene were loaded. The amount of dimethylsulfoxide per 1.0 mol of the benzene ring component in the resultingmixture is 3.13 liters. The temperature was raised to 140° C. undernitrogen flow and maintained at 140° C. for 1 hour. The temperature wasthen raised to 160° C. and maintained at 160° C. for 4 hours to allowthe mixture to react. After completion of the reaction, the temperaturewas cooled to room temperature to prepare a reaction mixture.

About 0.2 g of the reaction mixture obtained was weighed and dilutedwith about 4.5 g of THF. THF-insoluble matter was separated and removedby filtration to prepare a sample for high-performance liquidchromatography analysis. The reaction mixture was analyzed to show thatconsecutive five types of cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)shaving a number of repeating units (m) of 2 to 6 were formed, and theyield of poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomers (B) fromhydroquinone was 15.3%.

Fifty grams of the reaction mixture thus obtained was collected, and 150g of 1 wt % aqueous acetic acid solution was added thereto. Afterstirring the resulting mixture into a slurry, the slurry was heated to70° C., and stirring was continued for 30 minutes. The slurry wasfiltered through a glass filter (average pore size: 10 to 16 μm) toobtain solid matter. The solid matter obtained was dispersed in 50 g ofdeionized water, maintained at 70° C. for 30 minutes, and filtered toobtain solid matter. This procedure was repeated three times. The solidmatter obtained was subjected to vacuum drying at 70° C. overnight toobtain about 1.24 g of dry solid.

Further, 1.0 g of the dry solid obtained above was subjected to Soxhletextraction at a bath temperature of 80° C. for 5 hours using 100 g ofchloroform. The chloroform was removed from the resulting extract usingan evaporator to obtain solid matter. Two grams of chloroform was addedto the solid matter, and then the resulting mixture was made into adispersion using an ultrasonic washer, which dispersion was addeddropwise to 30 g of methanol. The resulting precipitate was separated byfiltration using a filter paper with an average pore size of 1 μm, andthen subjected to vacuum drying at 70° C. for 3 hours to obtain a whitesolid. The weight of the white solid obtained was 0.14 g, and the yieldfrom hydroquinone used in the reaction was 14.0%.

This white powder was confirmed to be a compound composed of phenyleneether ketone units by the absorption spectrum obtained by infraredspectroscopic analysis. Mass spectrometric analysis (apparatus; M-1200Hmanufactured by Hitachi) of the components fractionated byhigh-performance liquid chromatography and the molecular weightinformation obtained by MALDI-TOF-MS showed that this white powder was apoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) mainly composed of amixture of consecutive five types of cyclic poly (phenylene ether etherketone)s having a number of repeating units (m) of 2 to 6. Further, theweight fraction of the cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)mixture in the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) was 81%.The component other than the cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)in the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) was a linearpoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer.

The melting point of such a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer(B) was measured to be 163° C. The reduced viscosity of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) was measured to be less than0.02 dL/g.

Further, the chloroform insoluble solid matter, which was obtained inthe recovery of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) bySoxhlet extraction described above, was subjected to vacuum drying at70° C. overnight to obtain about 0.85 g of off-white solid matter. Thesolid matter was analyzed, and it was confirmed to be a linear poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) by the absorption spectrum obtained byinfrared spectroscopic analysis. Further, the reduced viscosity of thislinear poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) was measured to be 0.45 dL/g.

Further, the melt viscosity was measured, and the melt viscosity at 230°C. of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) was 0.034Pa·s.

(Reference Example 2) Method for Producing Poly (Phenylene Ether EtherKetone) Oligomer (B) [B2]

Here, a method for producing a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) will be described, which method uses the linear poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) produced as a by-product in the methodfor producing a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B).

To a 100-mL autoclave equipped with a stirrer, 0.22 g (1 mmol) of4,4′-difluoro benzophenone, 0.11 g (1 mmol) of hydroquinone, 0.14 g (1mmol) of anhydrous potassium carbonate, 1.15 g (4 mmol) of the linearpoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) obtained by the method described inReference Example 1 (reduced viscosity; 0.45 dL/g), and 50 mL ofN-methyl-2-pyrrolidone were loaded. The amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidoneper 1.0 mol of the benzene ring component in the resulting mixture is3.33 liters.

At room temperature and under normal pressure, the reaction vessel washermetically sealed under nitrogen gas. Thereafter, with stirring at 400rpm, the temperature was raised from room temperature to 140° C. andmaintained at 140° C. for 1 hour. The temperature was then raised to180° C. and maintained at 180° C. for 3 hours, and then the temperaturewas raised to 230° C. and maintained at 230° C. for 5 hours to allow themixture to react.

About 0.2 g of the reaction mixture obtained was weighed and dilutedwith about 4.5 g of THF. THF-insoluble matter was separated and removedby filtration to prepare a sample for high-performance liquidchromatography analysis. The reaction mixture was analyzed to show thatconsecutive seven types of cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)shaving a number of repeating units (m) of 2 to 8 were formed, and theyield of the cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) mixture was8.3%.

Further, recovery of poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)from the reaction mixture was performed according to the methoddescribed in Reference Example 1 to obtain a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) in 8.0% yield. The poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) obtained was analyzed, and it was found that theweight fraction of the cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)mixture in the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) was 77%,and the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) had a meltingpoint of 165° C. Further, it was also found that the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) had a reduced viscosity of less than0.02 dL/g.

Further, the melt viscosity was measured, and the melt viscosity at 230°C. of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) was 0.030Pa·s.

Reference Example 3

Here, synthesis in accordance with the common method for producing apoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) described in Examples of JP2007-506833 A will be described.

To a four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, nitrogen inlet tube,Dean-Stark apparatus, condenser tube, and thermometer, 22.5 g (103 mmol)of 4,4′-difluoro benzophenone, 11.0 g (100 mmol) of hydroquinone, and 49g of diphenyl sulfone were loaded. The amount of diphenyl sulfone per1.0 mol of the benzene ring component in the resulting mixture is about0.16 liters. The temperature was raised to 140° C. under nitrogen flowto form a substantially colorless solution. At this temperature, 10.6 g(100 mmol) of anhydrous sodium carbonate and 0.28 g (2 mmol) ofanhydrous potassium carbonate were added thereto. The temperature wasraised to 200° C. and maintained there for 1 hour, raised to 250° C. andmaintained there for 1 hour, and then raised to 315° C. and maintainedthere for 3 hours.

The reaction mixture obtained was analyzed by high-performance liquidchromatography to show that the yield of the cyclic poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) mixture from hydroquinone was a trace amount of lessthan 1%.

The reaction mixture was allowed to cool and pulverized, and theresultant was washed with water and acetone to remove by-product saltsand diphenyl sulfone. The polymer obtained was dried in a hot-air dryerat 120° C. to obtain powder.

About 1.0 g of the powder obtained was subjected to Soxhlet extractionat a bath temperature of 80° C. for 5 hours using 100 g of chloroform.The chloroform was removed from the resulting extract using anevaporator to obtain a small amount of chloroform soluble matter. Theyield of the recovered chloroform soluble matter from hydroquinone usedin the reaction was 1.2%. The recovered chloroform soluble matter wasanalyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and it was foundthat the chloroform soluble matter contained a cyclic poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) and a linear poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer. This linear poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer is acompound that is difficult to separate from the cyclic poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) because it is similar to the cyclic poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) in terms of properties such as solvent solubility.Further, the cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) mixturecontained in the recovered chloroform soluble matter described above wascomposed of cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)s having a numberof repeating units (m) of 4 and 5, and, furthermore, the weight fractionof cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) having a number ofrepeating units (m) of 4 was 80% or more. Further, the melting point ofthe recovered chloroform soluble matter was about 320° C. This ispresumably due to the high content of the tetrameric cyclic poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (m=4) in the chloroform soluble matterobtained by this method.

Further, in the Soxhlet extraction described above, the chloroforminsoluble solid matter was subjected to vacuum drying at 70° C.overnight to obtain about 0.98 g of off-white solid matter. The solidmatter was analyzed, and it was confirmed to be a linear poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) by the absorption spectrum obtained by infraredspectroscopic analysis. Further, the reduced viscosity of this linearpoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) was measured to be 0.75 dL/g.

Further, the melt viscosity was measured, and the melt viscosity at 350°C. of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) was 0.15Pa·s.

(Reference Example 4) Method for Producing Poly (Phenylene Ether EtherKetone) Oligomer (B) [B3]

Here, a method for producing a cyclic poly (phenylene ether etherketone) using the linear poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (reducedviscosity; 0.75 dL/g) obtained by the method of Reference Example 3 willbe described.

To a 1-L autoclave equipped with a stirrer, 14.4 g (50 mmol) of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) obtained by the method described inReference Example 3, 1.52 g (10 mmol) of cesium fluoride, and 500 mL ofN-methyl-2-pyrrolidone were loaded. The amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidoneper 1.0 mol of the benzene ring component in the resulting mixture is3.33 liters.

At room temperature and under normal pressure, the reaction vessel washermetically sealed under nitrogen gas. Thereafter, with stirring at 400rpm, the temperature was raised from room temperature to 140° C. andmaintained at 140° C. for 1 hour. The temperature was then raised to180° C. and maintained at 180° C. for 3 hours, and then the temperaturewas raised to 230° C. and maintained at 230° C. for 5 hours to allow themixture to react.

About 0.2 g of the reaction mixture obtained was weighed and dilutedwith about 4.5 g of THF. THF-insoluble matter was separated and removedby filtration to prepare a sample for high-performance liquidchromatography analysis. The reaction mixture was analyzed to show thatconsecutive seven types of cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)mixture having a number of repeating units (m) of 2 to 8 were formed,and the yield of the cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) mixturewas 13.7%. (The yield of the cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)mixture was calculated by comparing the amount of cyclic poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) formed with the amount of poly (phenylene etherether ketone) used in the reaction.)

Further, recovery of poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)from the reaction mixture was performed according to the methoddescribed in Reference Example 1 to obtain a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) in 13.7% yield. It was found that the weightfraction of the cyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) mixture inthe poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) obtained was 79%,and the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) had a meltingpoint of 165° C. Further, it was also found that the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) was less than 0.02 dL/g.

Further, the melt viscosity was measured, and the melt viscosity at 230°C. of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) was 0.036Pa·s.

<Molding Material> Example 1

The poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) prepared inReference Example 1 was melted in a molten bath at 230° C. and fed to akiss coater with a gear pump. The poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) was applied from the kiss coater onto a roll heated to 230°C. to form a coating.

Carbon fibers “TORAYCA” (registered trademark) T700S-24K (available fromTORAY INDUSTRIES, INC.) were passed in contact with the roll to depositthe poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) thereon in a givenamount per unit length of a reinforcing fiber bundle (A).

The carbon fiber with the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer(B) deposited thereon was passed through 10 rolls heated to 230° C. (φ:50 mm) which are arranged alternately above and below on a straight lineand freely rotate with the aid of bearings, whereby the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) was thoroughly impregnated into thereinforcing fiber bundle (A).

Next, VICTREX “PEEK” (registered trademark) 151G (polyether ether ketoneresin available from Victrex-MC, Inc., melting point: 343° C.) used as athermoplastic resin (C) was melted in a single-screw extruder at 400° C.The melted thermoplastic resin (C) was extruded into a crosshead diemounted at the end of the extruder, and simultaneously therewith, thecomposite obtained was continuously fed into the crosshead die, wherebythe composite was coated with the melted thermoplastic resin (C). Inthis process, the discharge rate of the thermoplastic resin (C) wasadjusted to adjust the content of the reinforcing fiber bundle (A) to apredetermined value.

The strand obtained by the method described above was cooled and thencut with a cutter to a length of 7 mm to obtain columnar pellets(long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheath structure. The long-fiberpellets obtained did not have fuzz due to transportation and exhibitedgood handleability.

The long-fiber pellets obtained were dried under vacuum at 150° C. for 5hours or more. The dried long-fiber pellets were subjected to moldingusing molds for various test pieces using an injection molding machineModel J150EII-P manufactured by Japan Steel Works, LTD. Conditions wereas follows: injection molding temperature: 400° C., mold temperature:160° C., and cooling time: 30 seconds. After molding, the resultingmolded article was dried under vacuum at 80° C. for 12 hours and storedin a desiccator at room temperature for 3 hours, and the resulting driedtest piece was evaluated. The flexural test of the molded articleobtained was carried out in accordance with ASTM D790 (1997) to measurethe flexural strength and flexural modulus under test conditions of asupport span of 100 mm, which was set using a 3-point bend fixture(indenter: 10 mm, fulcrum: 4 mm), and a crosshead speed of 2.8 mm/min.“INSTRON” (registered trademark) universal tester Model 4201(manufactured by INSTRON) was used as a tester. For Izod impact test ofthe molded article obtained, a mold notched Izod impact test wasperformed in accordance with ASTM D256 (1993). The test piece with athickness of 3.2 mm and a moisture content of 0.1 wt % or less was usedto measure the Izod impact strength (Jim). Evaluation results are shownin Table 1.

Example 2

Columnar pellets (long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheath structurewere prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) prepared in ReferenceExample 2 was used. Injection molding was carried out in the same manneras in Example 1 using the long-fiber pellets obtained, and evaluationswere carried out. The process conditions and the evaluation results areshown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 1

Columnar pellets (long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheath structurewere prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) prepared in ReferenceExample 3 was used and that the molten bath temperature, the rolltemperature, and the bearing temperature were changed to 340° C.Injection molding was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1using the long-fiber pellets obtained, and evaluations were carried out.The process conditions and the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

Example 3

Columnar pellets (long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheath structurewere prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) prepared in ReferenceExample 4 was used. Injection molding was carried out in the same manneras in Example 1 using the long-fiber pellets obtained, and evaluationswere carried out. The process conditions and the evaluation results areshown in Table 1.

It is clear from the results of Examples 1 to 3 that regardless of themethod for producing a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B),by using a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) having amelting point of not higher than 270° C., the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) excellently impregnates into a continuousreinforcing fiber bundle (A), and a molding material can be easilyproduced. The molded article obtained by using the resulting moldingmaterial had excellent dynamic properties and appearance quality.

It is clear from Comparative Example 1 that when a poly (phenylene etherether ketone) composition having a melting point of higher than 270° C.is used, the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) composition isdifficult to melt, resulting in poor impregnation into a continuousreinforcing fiber bundle (A). Moreover, this molding material is alsopoor in fiber dispersibility during molding, and the molded articleobtained by using this molding material was observed to have defects inappearance.

Example 4

Columnar pellets (long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheath structurewere prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amountof the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) prepared inReference Example 1 was changed to 18 wt % and that the amount of thethermoplastic resin (C) was changed to 62 wt %. Injection molding wascarried out in the same manner as in Example 1 using the long-fiberpellets obtained, and evaluations were carried out. The processconditions and the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 2

Production of columnar pellets (long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheathstructure was attempted in the same manner as in Example 1 except thatthe poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) and a molten bathwere not used and that the amount of the thermoplastic resin (C) waschanged to 80 wt %, but a large number of molding materials weredefective products. Injection molding was attempted in the same manneras in Example 1 using the long-fiber pellets obtained, but the moldingcould not be achieved because of a poor bite into a screw. The processconditions are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 3

Columnar pellets (long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheath structurewere prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amountof the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) prepared inReference Example 1 was changed to 30 wt % and that the amount of thethermoplastic resin (C) was changed to 50 wt %. Injection molding wascarried out in the same manner as in Example 1 using the long-fiberpellets obtained, and evaluations were carried out. The processconditions and the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

It is clear from Example 4 that even when the amount of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) is 18 wt %, the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) excellently impregnates intoa continuous reinforcing fiber bundle (A), and a molding material iseasily produced. The molded article obtained by using the resultingmolding material had excellent appearance quality.

It is clear from Comparative Example 2 that when the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) is not used, the productivity andmoldability of the molding material are very poor because the continuousreinforcing fiber bundle (A) is poorly impregnated only with thehigh-viscosity thermoplastic resin (C).

It is clear from Comparative Example 3 that when the amount of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) is 30 wt %, the productivityof the molding material is excellent, but the molded article obtained byusing the resulting molding material has very poor dynamic properties.

Example 5

Columnar pellets (long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheath structurewere prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amountof the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) prepared inReference Example 1 was changed to 3 wt %; the amount of thethermoplastic resin (C) was changed to 87 wt %; and the amount of thereinforcing fiber bundle (A) was changed to 10 wt %. Injection moldingwas carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 using the long-fiberpellets obtained, and evaluations were carried out. The processconditions and the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

Example 6

Columnar pellets (long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheath structurewere prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amountof the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) prepared inReference Example 1 was changed to 15 wt %; the amount of thethermoplastic resin (C) was changed to 55 wt %; and the amount of thereinforcing fiber bundle (A) was changed to 30 wt %. Injection moldingwas carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 using the long-fiberpellets obtained, and evaluations were carried out. The processconditions and the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

It is clear from Examples 5 and 6 that by using a poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) having a melting point of not higher than270° C., even when the fiber contents of the molding materials are 10 wt% and 30 wt %, the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)excellently impregnates into a continuous reinforcing fiber bundle (A);the productivity of the molding material is excellent; and a moldingmaterial can be easily produced. The molded article obtained by usingthe resulting molding material had excellent dynamic properties andappearance quality.

Example 7

Columnar pellets (long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheath structurewere prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that “AMILAN”(registered trademark) CM3001 (nylon 66 resin available from TORAYINDUSTRIES, INC., melting point: 265° C.) was used as a thermoplasticresin (C) in place of poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) and that theextrusion temperature of the thermoplastic resin (C) during theproduction of a molding material was 280° C. Injection molding wascarried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that using thelong-fiber pellets obtained, the injection molding temperature and themold temperature were changed to 300° C. and 80° C., respectively, andevaluations were carried out. The process conditions and the evaluationresults are shown in Table 1.

Example 8

Columnar pellets (long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheath structurewere prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that “TORELINA”(registered trademark) A900 (polyphenylene sulfide resin available fromTORAY INDUSTRIES, INC., melting point: 278° C.) was used as athermoplastic resin (C) in place of poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)and that the extrusion temperature of the thermoplastic resin (C) duringthe production of a molding material was 330° C. Injection molding wascarried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that using thelong-fiber pellets obtained, the injection molding temperature and themold temperature were changed to 320° C. and 150° C., respectively, andevaluations were carried out. The process conditions and the evaluationresults are shown in Table 1.

It is clear from Examples 7 and 8 that by using a poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) having a melting point of not higher than270° C., the molding temperature of the resulting molding material canbe lowered, which allows resins other than poly (phenylene ether etherketone) resin, such as nylon 66 resin and PPS resin, to be selected as athermoplastic resin (C). The molding material obtained was excellent infiber dispersibility during molding and had excellent dynamic propertiesand appearance quality.

Example 9

Columnar pellets (long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheath structurewere prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that cesiumfluoride was added as a polymerization catalyst (D) to a molten bath inan amount of 5 mol % based on the repeating unit of the formula:—(O-Ph-O-Ph-CO-Ph)-, which is a main structural unit of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) prepared in ReferenceExample 1. Injection molding was carried out in the same manner as inExample 1 using the long-fiber pellets obtained, and evaluations werecarried out. The process conditions and the evaluation results are shownin Table 1.

It is clear from Example 9 that by using a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) having a melting point of not higher than 270° C.and adding a polymerization catalyst (D) to the molding material of thepresent invention, the molded article obtained by using the resultingmolding material has excellent dynamic properties and appearancequality.

TABLE 1 Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 1 Example 2 Example1 Example 3 Example 4 Example 2 Example 3 (Composition) Component (A):Carbon fiber wt % 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 Component (B): Poly (phenyleneType Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference — Reference etherether ketone) oligomer Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 1Example 1 wt % 5 5 5 5 18 30 Component (C): Thermoplastic Type PEEK PEEKPEEK PEEK PEEK PEEK PEEK resin wt % 75 75 75 75 62  80 50 Component (D):Polymerization Type — — — — — — — catalyst mol % (Process conditions)Molten bath temperarute ° C. 230 230 340 230 230 — 230 Roll temperature° C. 230 230 340 230 230 230 230 Bearing temperature ° C. 230 230 340230 230 230 230 Extrusion temperature ° C. 400 400 400 400 400 400 400Injection-molding temperature ° C. 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 Moldtemperature ° C. 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 (Productivity of moldingmaterial) Productivity evaluation of — good good bad good good bad fairmolding material (Properties of Moled article) Number-average fiberlength mm 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.45 0.55 — 0.55 Weight-average fiber length mm0.70 0.60 0.55 0.60 0.75 — 0.80 Density g/cm³ 1.37 1.37 1.36 1.37 1.37 —1.37 Flexural modulus GPa 15 15 15 15 15 — 13 Flexural strength MPa 260255 235 260 220 — 130 Izod impact J/m 120 115 95 120 110 — 30 Appearanceevaluation — excellent excellent fair excellent excellent — excellentExample 5 Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 (Composition)Component (A): Carbon fiber wt % 10 30 20 20 20 Component (B): Poly(phenylene Type Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference etherether ketone) oligomer Example 1 Example 1 Example 1 Example 1 Example 1wt % 3 15 5 5 5 Component (C): Thermoplastic Type PEEK PEEK Nylon PPSPEEK resin wt % 87 55 75 75 75 Component (D): Polymerization Type — — —— CsF catalyst mol % 5 (Process conditions) Molten bath temperarute ° C.230 230 230 230 230 Roll temperature ° C. 230 230 230 230 230 Bearingtemperature ° C. 230 230 230 230 230 Extrusion temperature ° C. 400 400280 330 400 Injection-molding temperature ° C. 400 400 300 320 400 Moldtemperature ° C. 160 160 80 150 160 (Productivity of molding material)Productivity evaluation of — good good good good good molding material(Properties of Moled article) Number-average fiber length mm 0.60 0.400.50 0.50 0.45 Weight-average fiber length mm 0.75 0.60 0.65 0.65 0.60Density g/cm³ 1.34 1.41 1.23 1.41 1.37 Flexural modulus GPa 10 20 14 1615 Flexural strength MPa 200 330 320 240 265 Izod impact J/m 90 140 10085 120 Appearance evaluation — excellent excellent good good excellent

Example 10

To the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) prepared inReference Example 1, cesium fluoride was added as a polymerizationcatalyst (D) in an amount of 5 mol % based on the repeating unit of theformula: —(O-Ph-O-Ph-CO-Ph)-, which is a main structural unit of thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B), and the resultingmixture was melted in a molten bath at 230° C. to obtain a moltenmixture. The molten mixture obtained was fed to a kiss coater with agear pump. The molten mixture was applied from the kiss coater onto aroll heated to 230° C. to form a coating.

Carbon fibers “TORAYCA” (registered trademark) T700S-24K (available fromTORAY INDUSTRIES, INC.) were passed in contact with the roll to obtain acomposite on which the molten mixture was deposited in a given amountper unit length of a reinforcing fiber bundle (A).

The composite was fed into a furnace heated at 300° C., passed through10 rolls (φ: 50 mm) that are arranged alternately above and below on astraight line and freely rotate with the aid of bearings, and passedthrough 10 roll bars (φ: 200 mm) placed in the furnace in a zigzagpattern more than once in loops. In such a manner, it spended 30 minutesin total to convert the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)into a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) while being impregnatedthoroughly into a reinforcing fiber bundle (A).

Next, VICTREX “PEEK” (registered trademark) 151G (polyether ether ketoneresin available from Victrex-MC, Inc., melting point: 343° C.) used as athermoplastic resin (C) was melted in a single-screw extruder at 400° C.The melted thermoplastic resin (C) was extruded into a crosshead diemounted at the end of the extruder, and simultaneously therewith, thecomposite obtained was continuously fed into the crosshead die, wherebythe composite was coated with the melted thermoplastic resin (C). Inthis process, the discharge rate of the thermoplastic resin (C) wasadjusted to adjust the content of the reinforcing fiber bundle (A) to apredetermined value.

The strand obtained by the method described above was cooled and thencut with a cutter to a length of 7 mm to obtain columnar pellets(long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheath structure. The long-fiberpellets obtained did not have fuzz due to transportation and exhibitedgood handleability.

From the long-fiber pellets obtained, the coating of the thermoplasticresin (C) was peeled off, and further the reinforcing fibers (A) wereremoved, thereby separating the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)(B′). The poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) obtained here wassubjected to melting point measurement and viscosity measurement.

The long-fiber pellets obtained were dried under vacuum at 150° C. for 5hours or more. The dried long-fiber pellets were subjected to moldingusing molds for various test pieces using an injection molding machineModel J150EII-P manufactured by Japan Steel Works, LTD. Conditions wereas follows: injection molding temperature: 400° C., mold temperature:160° C., and cooling time: 30 seconds. After molding, the resultingmolded article was dried under vacuum at 80° C. for 12 hours and storedin a desiccator at room temperature for 3 hours, and the resulting driedtest piece was evaluated. The flexural test of the molded articleobtained was carried out in accordance with ASTM D790 (1997) to measurethe flexural strength and flexural modulus under test conditions of asupport span of 100 mm, which was set using a 3-point bend fixture(indenter: 10 mm, fulcrum: 4 mm), and a crosshead speed of 2.8 mm/min.“INSTRON” (registered trademark) universal tester Model 4201(manufactured by INSTRON) was used as a tester. For Izod impact test ofthe molded article obtained, a mold notched Izod impact test wasperformed in accordance with ASTM D256 (1993). The test piece with athickness of 3.2 mm and a moisture content of 0.1 wt % or less was usedto measure the Izod impact strength (J/m). The process conditions andthe evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

Example 11

Columnar pellets (long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheath structurewere prepared in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) prepared in ReferenceExample 2 was used. Using the long-fiber pellets obtained, the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) was separated in the same manner asin Example 10 and subjected to melting point measurement and viscositymeasurement. Using the long-fiber pellets obtained, injection moldingwas carried out in the same manner as in Example 10, and evaluationswere carried out. The process conditions and the evaluation results areshown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 4

Production of columnar pellets (long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheathstructure was attempted in the same manner as in Example 10 except thatthe poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) prepared inReference Example 3 was used and that the molten bath temperature, theroll temperature, and the furnace temperature were changed to 350° C.,but a large number of molding materials were defective products. Thiswas because polymerization of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) into a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) proceededin the molten bath, and impregnation into a continuous reinforcing fiberbundle (A) became difficult. Using the long-fiber pellets obtained, thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) was separated in the samemanner as in Example 10 and subjected to melting point measurement andviscosity measurement. Injection molding was attempted in the samemanner as in Example 10 using the long-fiber pellets obtained, but themolding could not be achieved because of a poor bite into a screw. Theprocess conditions and the evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

Example 12

Columnar pellets (long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheath structurewere prepared in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) prepared in ReferenceExample 4 was used. Using the long-fiber pellets obtained, the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) was separated in the same manner asin Example 10 and subjected to melting point measurement and viscositymeasurement. Using the long-fiber pellets obtained, injection moldingwas carried out in the same manner as in Example 10, and evaluationswere carried out. The process conditions and the evaluation results areshown in Table 2.

It is clear from the results of Examples 10 to 12 that regardless of themethod for producing a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B),by using a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) having amelting point of not higher than 270° C., the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) excellently impregnates into a continuousreinforcing fiber bundle (A), and a molding material can be easilyproduced. In the molding material obtained, the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) was polymerized into a poly (phenylene etherether ketone) (B′), and the molded article obtained by using thismolding material had excellent dynamic properties.

It is clear from Comparative Example 4 that when a poly (phenylene etherether ketone) composition having a melting point of higher than 270° C.is used, it is necessary to set the process temperature high, andpolymerization of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) compositionproceeds in the molten bath, resulting in significantly reducedimpregnation into the reinforcing fiber bundle (A). It is clear thatthis molding material is not only significantly inferior in terms ofproductivity and moldability but also inferior in terms of economicefficiency because it is necessary to set the process temperature high.

Example 13

Columnar pellets (long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheath structurewere prepared in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the amountof the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) prepared inReference Example 1 was changed to 18 wt % and that the amount of thethermoplastic resin (C) was changed to 62 wt %. Using the long-fiberpellets obtained, the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) wasseparated in the same manner as in Example 10 and subjected to meltingpoint measurement and viscosity measurement. Using the long-fiberpellets obtained, injection molding was carried out in the same manneras in Example 10, and evaluations were carried out. The processconditions and the evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

Example 14

Columnar pellets (long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheath structurewere prepared in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the amountof the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) prepared inReference Example 1 was changed to 30 wt % and that the amount of thethermoplastic resin (C) was changed to 50 wt %. Using the long-fiberpellets obtained, the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) wasseparated in the same manner as in Example 10 and subjected to meltingpoint measurement and viscosity measurement. Using the long-fiberpellets obtained, injection molding was carried out in the same manneras in Example 10, and evaluations were carried out. The processconditions and the evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 5

Columnar pellets (long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheath structurewere prepared in the same manner as in Example 14 except that cesiumfluoride serving as a polymerization catalyst (D) was not used. Usingthe long-fiber pellets obtained, the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)(B′) was separated in the same manner as in Example 10 and subjected tomelting point measurement and viscosity measurement. Using thelong-fiber pellets obtained, injection molding was carried out in thesame manner as in Example 10, and evaluations were carried out. Theprocess conditions and the evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 6

Production of columnar pellets (long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheathstructure was attempted in the same manner as in Example 10 except thatthe poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B), cesium fluorideserving as a polymerization catalyst (D), and a molten bath were notused and that the amount of the thermoplastic resin (C) was changed to80 wt %, but a large number of molding materials were defectiveproducts. Injection molding was attempted in the same manner as inExample 10 using the long-fiber pellets obtained, but the molding couldnot be achieved because of a poor bite into a screw. The processconditions are shown in Table 2.

It is clear from Examples 13 and 14 that even when the amounts of thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) is 18 wt % and 30 wt %,the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) excellentlyimpregnates into a continuous reinforcing fiber bundle (A), and amolding material is easily produced. In the molding material obtained,the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) was polymerizedinto a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′), and the molded articleobtained by using this molding material had excellent dynamicproperties.

Comparison between Comparative Example 5 and Example 14 reveals thefollowing. It is clear that in Comparative Example 5, the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) is not polymerized into apoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) in the molding materialobtained because cesium fluoride serving as a polymerization catalyst(D) is not used. Further, it is clear that Comparative Example 5 issignificantly inferior to Example 14 in dynamic properties.

It is clear from Comparative Example 6 that when the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) and the polymerization catalyst (D) arenot used, the productivity and moldability of the molding material arevery poor because the continuous reinforcing fiber bundle (A) is poorlyimpregnated only with the high-viscosity thermoplastic resin (C).

Example 15

Columnar pellets (long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheath structurewere prepared in the same manner as in Example 10 except that thefurnace temperature was changed to 350° C. and that the furnace time waschanged to 10 minutes. Using the long-fiber pellets obtained, the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) was separated in the same manner asin Example 10 and subjected to melting point measurement and viscositymeasurement. Using the long-fiber pellets obtained, injection moldingwas carried out in the same manner as in Example 10, and evaluationswere carried out. The process conditions and the evaluation results areshown in Table 2.

Example 16

Columnar pellets (long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheath structurewere prepared in the same manner as in Example 10 except that thefurnace temperature was changed to 400° C. and that the furnace time waschanged to 10 minutes. Using the long-fiber pellets obtained, the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) was separated in the same manner asin Example 10 and subjected to melting point measurement and viscositymeasurement. Using the long-fiber pellets obtained, injection moldingwas carried out in the same manner as in Example 10, and evaluationswere carried out. The process conditions and the evaluation results areshown in Table 2.

It is clear from Examples 15 and 16 that even when the furnacetemperatures are 350° C. and 400° C., the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) excellently impregnates into a continuousreinforcing fiber bundle (A), and a molding material is easily produced.In the molding material obtained, the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) was polymerized into a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) (B′), and the molded article obtained by using this moldingmaterial had excellent dynamic properties. Further, the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) (B′) in the molding material produced under theseconditions had a melting enthalpy of less than 40 kJ/g, which wasequivalent to that of known poly (phenylene ether ether ketone).

Example 17

Columnar pellets (long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheath structurewere prepared in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the amountof the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) prepared inReference Example 1 was changed to 3 wt %; the amount of thethermoplastic resin (C) was changed to 87 wt %; and the amount of thereinforcing fiber bundle (A) was changed to 10 wt %. Using thelong-fiber pellets obtained, the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)(B′) was separated in the same manner as in Example 10 and subjected tomelting point measurement and viscosity measurement. Using thelong-fiber pellets obtained, injection molding was carried out in thesame manner as in Example 10, and evaluations were carried out. Theprocess conditions and the evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

Example 18

Columnar pellets (long-fiber pellets) having a core-sheath structurewere prepared in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the amountof the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) prepared inReference Example 1 was changed to 15 wt %; the amount of thethermoplastic resin (C) was changed to 55 wt %; and the amount of thereinforcing fiber bundle (A) was changed to 30 wt %. Using thelong-fiber pellets obtained, the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)(B′) was separated in the same manner as in Example 10 and subjected tomelting point measurement and viscosity measurement. Using thelong-fiber pellets obtained, injection molding was carried out in thesame manner as in Example 10, and evaluations were carried out. Theprocess conditions and the evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

It is clear from Examples 17 and 18 that even when the fiber contents ofthe molding materials are 10 wt % and 30 wt %, the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) excellently impregnates into a continuousreinforcing fiber bundle (A), and a molding material is easily produced.In the molding material obtained, the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) was polymerized into a poly (phenylene ether etherketone) (B′), and the molded article obtained by using this moldingmaterial had excellent dynamic properties.

TABLE 2 Comparative Comparative Example 10 Example 11 Example 4 Example12 Example 13 Example 14 Example 5 (Composition) Component (A): Carbonfiber wt % 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Component (B): Poly (phenylene TypeReference Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference Referenceether ether ketone) oligomer Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4Example 1 Example 1 Example 1 wt % 5 5 5 5 18 30 30 Component (C):Thermoplastic Type PEEK PEEK PEEK PEEK PEEK PEEK PEEK resin wt % 75 7575 75 62 50 50 Component (D): Polymerization Type CsF CsF CsF CsF CsFCsF — catalyst mol % 5 5 5 5 5 5 (Properties of Poly (phenylene etherether ketone) (B′)) Melting point ° C. 347 349 334 349 348 350 278Fusion enthalpy J/g 54 51 30 53 55 56 — Reduced viscosity dL/g 0.5 0.50.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 — (Process conditions) Molten bath temperarute ° C. 230230 350 230 230 230 230 Roll temperature ° C. 230 230 350 230 230 230230 Furnace temperature ° C. 300 300 350 300 300 300 300 Furnaceresidence time min 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Extrusion temperature ° C. 400400 400 400 400 400 400 Injection-molding temperature ° C. 400 400 400400 400 400 400 Mold temperature ° C. 160 160 160 160 160 160 160(Productivity of molding material) Productivity evaluation of — goodgood bad good good good good molding material (Properties of Moledarticle) Number-average fiber length mm 0.45 0.45 — 0.40 0.45 0.45 0.55Weight-average fiber length mm 0.65 0.60 — 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.75 Densityg/cm³ 1.37 1.37 — 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 Flexural modulus GPa 15 15 — 15 1515 13 Flexural strength MPa 270 270 — 275 265 260 130 Izod impact J/m120 120 — 115 110 110 30 Comparative Example 6 Example 15 Example 16Example 17 Example 18 (Composition) Component (A): Carbon fiber wt % 2020 20 10 30 Component (B): Poly (phenylene Type — Reference ReferenceReference Reference ether ether ketone) oligomer Example 1 Example 1Example 1 Example 1 wt % 5 5 3 15 Component (C): Thermoplastic Type PEEKPEEK PEEK PEEK PEEK resin wt % 80 75 75 87 55 Component (D):Polymerization Type — CsF CsF CsF CsF catalyst mol % 5 5 5 5 (Propertiesof Poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′)) Melting point ° C. — 332330 347 347 Fusion enthalpy J/g — 38 36 54 54 Reduced viscosity dL/g —0.6 0.7 0.5 0.5 (Process conditions) Molten bath temperarute ° C. — 230230 230 230 Roll temperature ° C. 230 230 230 230 230 Furnacetemperature ° C. 230 350 400 300 300 Furnace residence time min 30 10 1030 30 Extrusion temperature ° C. 400 400 400 400 400 Injection-moldingtemperature ° C. 400 400 400 400 400 Mold temperature ° C. 160 160 160160 160 (Productivity of molding material) Productivity evaluation of —bad fair fair good good molding material (Properties of Moled article)Number-average fiber length mm — 0.40 0.40 0.60 0.40 Weight-averagefiber length mm — 0.60 0.55 0.75 0.55 Density g/cm³ — 1.37 1.37 1.341.41 Flexural modulus GPa — 15 15 10 20 Flexural strength MPa — 275 280210 335 Izod impact J/m — 120 125 95 140

Example 19

To the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) prepared inReference Example 1, cesium fluoride was added as a polymerizationcatalyst (D) in an amount of 5 mol % based on the repeating unit of theformula: —(O-Ph-O-Ph-CO-Ph)-, which is a main structural unit of thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B), and the resultingmixture was melted in a molten bath at 230° C. to obtain a moltenmixture. Using a knife coater, the molten mixture was applied to releasepaper to a given thickness at 230° C. to produce a resin film.

Next, two resin films were laminated on both surfaces of carbon fibers“TORAYCA” (registered trademark) T700S-24K (available from TORAYINDUSTRIES, INC.) which was unidirectionally arranged in the form of asheet, and using rolls heated to 230° C., the carbon fibers wereimpregnated with the molten mixture by applying a roll pressure of 0.2MPa to prepare a unidirectional prepreg. The unidirectional prepregobtained was cut to a predetermined size, and evaluation of the contentof the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′), evaluation of the impregnationrate of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B), andevaluation of the drape property of a molding material were carried out.

The unidirectional prepregs obtained were aligned in the fiber directionand laminated such that a molded article has a thickness of 2±0.4 mm,and then hot-pressed using a press molding machine at a mold surfacetemperature of 300° C. under a molding pressure of 0.5 MPa for a heatingtime of 30 minutes to convert the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) into a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′). Soon afterthe hot-pressing, the press molding machine was opened, and the moldedarticle was demolded to obtain a laminated plate using the moldingmaterial of the present invention. The poly (phenylene ether etherketone) (B′) was physically separated from the laminated plate obtainedhere and subjected to melting point measurement, melting enthalpymeasurement, and viscosity measurement. Further, the laminated plateobtained was cut to a predetermined size and subjected to flexural testand void fraction evaluation of the molded article. In the flexural testof the molded article, the molding materials were laminated inunidirectional alignment in the fiber direction, and a test piece havinga size in accordance with JIS K 7074-1988 was cut out from the moldedarticle having a thickness of 2±0.4 mm with the fiber axis direction asthe long side. “INSTRON” (registered trademark) universal tester Model4201 (manufactured by INSTRON) was used as a tester, and a 3-pointflexural test was performed to determine the 0° flexural modulus and 0°flexural strength. The process conditions and the evaluation results areshown in Table 3.

Example 20

A unidirectional prepreg was prepared in the same manner as in Example19 except that the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)prepared in Reference Example 2 was used. Using the unidirectionalprepreg obtained, evaluations of the molding material were carried outin the same manner as in Example 19.

Using the unidirectional prepreg obtained, press molding was carried outin the same manner as in Example 19, and the laminated plate obtainedwas evaluated. The process conditions and the evaluation results areshown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 7

Production of a unidirectional prepreg was attempted in the same manneras in Example 19 except that the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) prepared in Reference Example 3 was used; the resin meltingtemperature, the film-forming temperature, and the fiber impregnationtemperature were changed to 350° C.; and the roll pressure for fiberimpregnation was changed to 0.5 MPa, but the resin did not impregnateinto the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′). This was because due to highprocess temperature, polymerization of the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) into a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′)proceeded, and impregnation into the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′)became difficult. Using the unidirectional prepreg obtained, evaluationsof the molding material were carried out in the same manner as inExample 19.

Press molding was carried out in the same manner as in Example 19 exceptthat the unidirectional prepreg obtained was hot-pressed at a moldsurface temperature of 400° C. and then the mold was cooled to 150° C.at 10° C./min before demolding a molded article. The laminated plateobtained was evaluated. The process conditions and the evaluationresults are shown in Table 3.

Example 21

A unidirectional prepreg was prepared in the same manner as in Example19 except that the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)prepared in Reference Example 4 was used. Using the unidirectionalprepreg obtained, evaluations of the molding material were carried outin the same manner as in Example 19.

Using the unidirectional prepreg obtained, press molding was carried outin the same manner as in Example 19, and the laminated plate obtainedwas evaluated. The process conditions and the evaluation results areshown in Table 3.

It is clear from the results of Examples 19 to 21 that regardless of themethod for producing a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B),by using a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) having amelting point of not higher than 270° C., the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) excellently impregnates into a reinforcingfiber substrate (A′), and a molding material can be easily produced. Inthe molding material obtained, the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) was polymerized into a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)(B′), and the molded article obtained by using this molding material hadexcellent dynamic properties.

It is clear from Comparative Example 7 that when a poly (phenylene etherether ketone) composition having a melting point of higher than 270° C.is used, it is necessary to set the process temperature high, andpolymerization of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) compositionproceeds in the molten bath or the like, resulting in significantlyreduced impregnation into the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′). Further,it is clear that since it is necessary to set the process temperaturehigh, this molding material is inferior in terms of economic efficiency,and the resulting molded article also has poor dynamic properties.

Comparative Example 8

A unidirectional prepreg was prepared in the same manner as in Example19 except that cesium fluoride serving as a polymerization catalyst (D)was not used. Using the unidirectional prepreg obtained, evaluations ofthe molding material were carried out in the same manner as in Example19.

Press molding was carried out in the same manner as in Example 19 exceptthat the unidirectional prepreg obtained was hot-pressed with a pressingmachine and then the mold was cooled to 150° C. at 10° C./min beforedemolding a molded article. The laminated plate obtained was subjectedto melting point measurement, and it was found that the melting pointremained as low as 276° C. The process conditions and the evaluationresults are shown in Table 3.

It is clear from Comparative Example 8 that in the molding material towhich a polymerization catalyst (D) is not added, polymerization of thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) into a poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) (B′) does not proceed during molding.

Comparative Example 9

Production of a unidirectional prepreg was attempted in the same manneras in Example 19 except that VICTREX “PEEK” (registered trademark) 151G(polyether ether ketone resin available from Victrex-MC, Inc., meltingpoint: 343° C.) was used in place of the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B); the resin melting temperature, the film-formingtemperature, and the fiber impregnation temperature were changed to 400°C.; and the roll pressure for fiber impregnation was changed to 0.5 MPa,but the resin was highly viscous and did not impregnate into thereinforcing fiber substrate (A′). Using the unidirectional prepregobtained, evaluations of the molding material were carried out in thesame manner as in Example 19.

The unidirectional prepreg obtained was press-molded in the same manneras in Comparative Example 7, and the laminated plate obtained wasevaluated. The process conditions and the evaluation results are shownin Table 3.

It is clear from Comparative Example 9 that when a high-molecular-weightpolyether ether ketone resin is used, impregnation into a reinforcingfiber substrate (A′) is difficult, and the productivity of the moldingmaterial is poor. It is clear that since it is necessary to set theprocess temperature high, this molding material is inferior in terms ofeconomic efficiency, and the resulting molded article also has poordynamic properties.

Example 22

A unidirectional prepreg was prepared in the same manner as in Example19, and evaluations of the molding material were carried out.

Press molding was carried out in the same manner as in Example 19 exceptthat the unidirectional prepreg obtained was hot-pressed at a moldsurface temperature of 350° C. for a heating time of 10 minutes and thenthe mold was cooled to 150° C. at 10° C./min before demolding a moldedarticle. The laminated plate obtained was evaluated. The processconditions and the evaluation results are shown in Table 3.

Example 23

A unidirectional prepreg was prepared in the same manner as in Example19, and evaluations of the molding material were carried out.

Press molding was carried out in the same manner as in Example 19 exceptthat the unidirectional prepreg obtained was hot-pressed at a moldsurface temperature of 400° C. for a heating time of 10 minutes and thenthe mold was cooled to 150° C. at 10° C./min before demolding a moldedarticle. The laminated plate obtained was evaluated. The processconditions and the evaluation results are shown in Table 3.

Examples 22 and 23 show that the molded articles obtained by the moldingmethod in which molding is carried out at a mold surface temperatures of350° C. and 400° C. and molded articles are demolded after the mold iscooled had excellent dynamic properties. Also in these molded articles,the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) was polymerizedinto a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′). Further, the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) in the molding material producedunder these conditions had a melting enthalpy of less than 40 kJ/g,which was equivalent to that of known poly (phenylene ether etherketone).

Example 24

A unidirectional prepreg was prepared in the same manner as in Example19 except that the supply of raw materials was adjusted such that thecontent of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) was 76 wt %. Using theunidirectional prepreg obtained, evaluations of the molding materialwere carried out in the same manner as in Example 19.

Using the unidirectional prepreg obtained, press molding was carried outin the same manner as in Example 19, and the laminated plate obtainedwas evaluated. The process conditions and the evaluation results areshown in Table 3.

It is clear from Example 24 that even when the content of thereinforcing fibers (A) is 76 wt %, the productivity of the moldingmaterial is excellent, and the resulting molded article has excellentdynamic properties.

Example 25

To the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) prepared inReference Example 1, cesium fluoride was added as a polymerizationcatalyst (D) in an amount of 5 mol % based on the repeating unit of theformula: —(O-Ph-O-Ph-CO-Ph)-, which is a main structural unit of thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B), and the resultingmixture was melted in a molten bath at 230° C. to obtain a moltenmixture. Using a knife coater, the molten mixture was applied to releasepaper to a given thickness at 230° C. to produce a resin film.

Next, two resin films were laminated on both surfaces of carbon fibers“TORAYCA” (registered trademark) T700S-24K (available from TORAYINDUSTRIES, INC.) which was unidirectionally arranged in the form of asheet, and using rolls heated to 230° C., the carbon fibers wereimpregnated with the molten mixture at a roll pressure of 0 MPa toprepare a unidirectional prepreg. The unidirectional prepreg obtainedwas cut to a predetermined size, and evaluation of the content of thereinforcing fiber substrate (A′), evaluation of the impregnation rate ofthe poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B), and evaluation ofthe drape property of a molding material were carried out.

The unidirectional prepregs obtained were aligned in the fiber directionand laminated such that a molded article has a thickness of 2±0.4 mm,and then hot-pressed using a press molding machine at a mold surfacetemperature of 300° C. under a molding pressure of 0.5 MPa for a heatingtime of 30 minutes to convert the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) into a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′). Soon afterthe hot-pressing, the press molding machine was opened, and the moldedarticle was demolded to obtain a laminated plate using the moldingmaterial of the present invention. The poly (phenylene ether etherketone) (B′) was physically separated from the laminated plate obtainedhere and subjected to melting point measurement, melting enthalpymeasurement, and viscosity measurement. Further, the laminated plateobtained was subjected to a flexural test in accordance with JIS K7074-1988 and void fraction evaluation of the molded article. Theprocess conditions and the evaluation results are shown in Table 3.

Example 26

A unidirectional prepreg was prepared in the same manner as in Example25, and evaluations of the molding material were carried out.

Press molding was carried out in the same manner as in Example 25 exceptthat the unidirectional prepreg obtained was hot-pressed at a moldsurface temperature of 400° C. for a heating time of 10 minutes and thenthe mold was cooled to 150° C. at 10° C./min before demolding a moldedarticle. The laminated plate obtained was evaluated. The processconditions and the evaluation results are shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 10

A unidirectional prepreg was prepared in the same manner as in Example25, and evaluations of the molding material were carried out.

The unidirectional prepreg obtained was press-molded in the same manneras in Example 25 except that the mold surface temperature was changed to400° C. and the heating time was changed to 10 minutes. However, thelamination was peeled off at demolding, and a sound molded article couldnot be obtained.

Examples 25 and 26 show that the molding materials having animpregnation rate of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer(B) of 20% to less than 80% had excellent drape property; the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) were polymerized into a poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) in the molding material obtained;and the molded article obtained by using this molding material hadexcellent dynamic properties.

It can be seen from Comparative Example 10 that when molding is carriedout at a mold surface temperature of 400° C. and a molded article isdemolded without cooling the mold, the lamination is peeled off, and asound molded article cannot be obtained.

TABLE 3 Comparative Comparative Comparative Example Example 19 Example20 Example 7 Example 21 Example 8 Example 9 22 (Composition) Component(B): Poly (phenylene Type Reference Reference Reference ReferenceReference High molecular Reference ether ether ketone) oligomer Example1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 1 weight PEEK Example 1 wt % 100100 100 100 100 100 100 Component (D): Polymerization Type CsF CsF CsFCsF — — CsF catalyst mol % 5 5 5 5 5 (Producing conditions of Moldingmaterial) Resin melting temperature ° C. 230 230 350 230 230 400 230Film formation temperature ° C. 230 230 350 230 230 400 230 Fiberimpregnation temperature ° C. 230 230 350 230 230 400 230 Fiberimpregnation roll MPa 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.2 pressure (Propertiesof Molding material) Component (A′) content wt % 64 64 64 64 64 64 64Impregnation rate of Component — good good bad good good bad good (B)Drape property — fair fair good fair fair good fair (Molding conditionsusing Molding material) Mold surface temperature ° C. 300 300 400 300300 400 350 Molding pressure MPa 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Heatingtime min 30 30 30 30 30 30 1.0 Mold cooling time min — — 25 — 15 25 20(Properties of Poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′)) Melting point °C. 347 346 335 344 276 343 330 Fusion enthalpy J/g 33 52 32 53 — — 36Reduced viscosity dL/g 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 — — 0.6 (Properties of Moledarticle) Flexural modulus at 0° GPa 120 120 100 120 — 95 120 Flexuralstrength at 0° MPa 1700 1750 1100 1700 — 1000 1650 Void ratio of Moldedarticle — good good bad good — bad good Comparative Example 23 Example24 Example 25 Example 26 Example 10 (Composition) Component (B): Poly(phenylene Type Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference etherether ketone) oligomer Example 1 Example 1 Example 1 Example 1 Example 1wt % 100 100 100 100 100 Component (D): Polymerization Type CsF CsF CsFCsF CsF catalyst mol % 5 5 5 5 5 (Producing conditions of Moldingmaterial) Resin melting temperature ° C. 230 230 230 230 230 Filmformation temperature ° C. 230 230 230 230 230 Fiber impregnationtemperature ° C. 230 230 230 230 230 Fiber impregnation roll MPa 0.2 0.20 0 0 pressure (Properties of Molding material) Component (A′) contentwt % 64 76 64 64 64 Impregnation rate of Component — good good fair fairfair (B) Drape property — fair bad excellent excellent excellent(Molding conditions using Molding material) Mold surface temperature °C. 400 300 300 400 400 Molding pressure MPa 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Heatingtime min 10 30 30 10 10 Mold cooling time min 25 — — 25 — (Properties ofPoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′)) Melting point ° C. 329 347 346330 330 Fusion enthalpy J/g 38 54 54 36 36 Reduced viscosity dL/g 0.70.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 (Properties of Moled article) Flexural modulus at 0° GPa120 140 120 120 — Flexural strength at 0° MPa 1700 2000 1550 1600 — Voidratio of Molded article — good good fair fair —

Example 27

A method for producing a molding material will be described withreference to the apparatus shown in FIG. 13. The apparatus configurationused in this production method is defined as (E1).

Step (I):

A plurality of carbon fibers “TORAYCA” (registered trademark) T700S-12K(available from TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC.) are aligned in a width of 100 mmsuch that the gaps in a reinforcing fiber bundle are 1 to 5 mm andsupplied to a production line. The reinforcing fiber bundle is placed ona roll bar 11, arranged in the form of a sheet, fed to an impregnationbath 12, passed through rotating rollers 13 in the impregnation bath,passed through a hot-air drying furnace 14, further passed through adouble belt press 15, a heating chamber 25, and a hot roller 27 in theorder mentioned, and taken up by applying a tension with a nip roller16. The take-up speed is set at 3 m/min, and after the operation isstabilized, the reinforcing fiber bundle is heated to 150° C. with aninfrared heater 17 for preheating.

Step (II):

The poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) prepared inReference Example 1 with a given amount of a polymerization catalyst (D)added was made into a dispersion, which was fed to an impregnation bathvia a pump 18. Through the immersion of the rotating rollers into thedispersion, the reinforcing fiber bundle is provided with the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) and the polymerizationcatalyst (D). For the amount of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) and the polymerization catalyst (D) deposited through theimmersion, the length of time for immersing the reinforcing fiber bundleis adjusted such that the fiber content by weight (Wf) is 64%. Further,90% or more of moisture was removed from the reinforcing fiber bundle byadjusting the temperature in the hot-air drying furnace 14 to 140° C. toobtain a composite of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′), the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B), and the polymerizationcatalyst (D).

Using the double belt press having a length of 4 m in the line directionunder the conditions of a temperature of 230° C. and a pressure of 3MPa, the composite was passed therethrough while being hot-pressed toheat-impregnate the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)into the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′), thereby obtaining animpregnated body comprising the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′), thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B), and the polymerizationcatalyst (D). At this time, nitrogen was purged through an inlet port 20of a chamber 19 housing the double belt press to adjust the oxygenconcentration in the chamber to 1% by volume or less.

Step (III):

Using the heating chamber 25 having a length of 30 m in the linedirection under the conditions of a temperature of 400° C., theimpregnated body is passed therethrough while being heated to polymerizethe poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B). Further, using thehot roller 27, the resultant was molded under the conditions of 400° C.and a pressure of 1 MPa to obtain a polymer comprising the reinforcingfiber substrate (A′), the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′), andthe polymerization catalyst (D). At this time, nitrogen was purgedthrough an inlet port 26 of the heating chamber 25 to adjust the oxygenconcentration in the chamber to 1% by volume or less.

Step (IV):

The polymer was passed over a cooling plate 21 at 50° C. to solidify thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′), taken up with a nip roll, andthen cut with a guillotine cutter 22 at 1-m intervals to prepare asheet-like molding material with a width of 100 mm.

The above steps were all performed on-line to continuously produce amolding material. The poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) wasphysically separated from the molding material obtained and subjected tomelting point measurement, melting enthalpy measurement, and viscositymeasurement.

The molding materials obtained were aligned in the fiber direction andlaminated such that a molded article has a thickness of 2±0.4 mm, andthen hot-pressed using a press molding machine at a mold surfacetemperature of 400° C. under a molding pressure of 3 MPa for 3 minutes.Thereafter, the mold was cooled, and the molded article was demolded toobtain a laminated plate. A test piece having a size in accordance withJIS K 7074-1988 was cut out from the laminated plate obtained with thefiber axis direction as the long side, and a 3-point flexural test wasperformed using “INSTRON” (registered trademark) universal tester Model4201 (manufactured by INSTRON) as a tester to determine the 0° flexuralmodulus and 0° flexural strength. The process conditions and theevaluation results are shown in Table 4.

Example 28

A molding material was produced in the same manner as in Example 27except that the heating chamber temperature in the step (III) waschanged to 300° C. and the take-up speed of the reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′) was changed to 1 m/min. The molding material obtained wasevaluated in the same manner as in Example 27. The molding materialobtained here was characterized in that the melting point of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) and the melting enthalpy were highcompared to Example 27. The process conditions and the evaluationresults are shown in Table 4.

Comparative Example 11

A molding material was produced in the same manner as in Example 27except that the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)prepared in Reference Example 3 was used. The molding material obtainedwas evaluated in the same manner as in Example 27. The molding materialobtained here was characterized in that the impregnation rate of thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) was low; the resulting moldedarticle had many voids; and the dynamic properties were poor, ascompared to Example 27. This is probably because the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) was poorly impregnated into areinforcing fiber substrate (A′). The process conditions and theevaluation results are shown in Table 4.

Comparative Example 12

A molding material was produced in the same manner as in ComparativeExample 11 except that the temperature of the double belt press in thestep (II) was changed to 350° C. The molding material obtained wasevaluated in the same manner as in Example 27. Although the moldingmaterial obtained here had a relatively high impregnation rate of thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′), the high temperature in theimpregnation process imposed a heavy load on the apparatus, and thusthis method was not economically preferred. The process conditions andthe evaluation results are shown in Table 4.

Comparative Example 13

A molding material was produced in the same manner as in Example 27except that VICTREX “PEEK” (registered trademark) 151G (polyether etherketone resin available from Victrex-MC, Inc., melting point: 343° C.)was used in place of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer(B), and the temperature of the double belt press in the step (II) waschanged to 400° C. The molding material obtained was evaluated in thesame manner as in Example 27. The molding material obtained here wascharacterized in that the impregnation rate of the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) (B′) was low; the resulting molded article had many voids;and the dynamic properties were poor, as compared to Example 27.Further, the high temperature in the impregnation process imposed aheavy load on the apparatus, and thus this method was not economicallypreferred. The process conditions and the evaluation results are shownin Table 4.

TABLE 4 Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 27 Example 28Example 11 Example 12 Example 13 (Composition) Component (A′):Reinforcing wt % 64 64 64 64 64 fiber substrate Component (B): Poly(phenylene Type Reference Reference Reference Reference High molecularether ether ketone) oligomer Example 1 Example 1 Example 3 Example 3weight PEEK wt % 36 36 36 36 36 Component (D): Polymerization Type CsFCsF CsF CsF — catalyst mol % 5 5 5 5 (Producing conditions of Moldingmaterial) Constitution of the apparatus — (E1) (E1) (E1) (E1) (E1) <Step(I)> Preheating temperature ° C. 150 150 150 150 150 <Step (II)> Heatdry oven temperature ° C. 140 140 140 140 140 Double belt presstemperature ° C. 230 230 230 350 400 Double belt press pressure MPa 3 33 3 3 <Step (III)> Heating chamber temperature ° C. 400 300 400 400 400Heating time min 10 30 10 10 10 <Step (IV)> Taking up speed m/min 3 1 33 3 (Properties of Molding material) Impregnation rate of Component —good good bad fair bad (B′) <Properties of Poly (phenylene ether etherketone) (B′)> Melting point ° C. 328 346 335 325 343 Fusion enthalpy J/g39 55 31 35 — Reduced viscosity dL/g 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 — (Moldingconditions using Molding material) Mold surface temperature ° C. 400 400400 400 400 Molding pressure MPa 3 3 3 3 3 Heating time min 3 3 3 3 3(Properties of Moled article) Flexural modulus at 0° GPa 120 120 90 11095 Flexural strength at 0° MPa 1650 1700 1000 1400 950 Void ratio ofMolded article — good good bad fair bad

Examples and Comparative Examples in Table 4 reveal the following. It isclear that because the methods for producing a molding material inExamples 27 and 28 use the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer(B) in the present invention, they are superior to the methods inComparative Examples 11 to 13 in terms of the process temperature andimpregnation properties in the production of a molding material, and themolded article obtained by using this molding material has excellentdynamic properties.

Example 29

A method for producing a molding material will be described withreference to the apparatus shown in FIG. 14. The apparatus configurationused in this production method is defined as (E2).

Step (I):

A plurality of carbon fibers “TORAYCA” (registered trademark) T700S-12K(available from TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC.) are aligned in a width of 100 mmsuch that the gaps in a reinforcing fiber bundle are 1 to 5 mm andsupplied to a production line. The reinforcing fiber bundle is placed ona roll bar 31, arranged in the form of a sheet, fed to a belt conveyor32, further sandwiched between a pair of hot rollers 33, and taken uparound a drum winder 35 by applying a tension with a nip roller 34. Thetake-up speed is set at 5 m/min, and after the operation is stabilized,the reinforcing fiber bundle is heated to 150° C. with an infraredheater 36 for preheating.

Step (II):

The mixture of a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) and apolymerization catalyst (D) prepared in Reference Example 1 was meltedat 230° C., and the melt obtained was applied to release paper to agiven thickness using a knife coater to produce a film. The film wasmounted on a draw winder 37, and supplied together with the releasepaper to a hot roller 38 under the conditions of 230° C. and 1 MPa toheat-impregnate the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)into a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′), thereby obtaining animpregnated body comprising the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′), thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B), and the polymerizationcatalyst (D). The release paper was removed by taking it up with atake-up winder 39. The amount of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) deposited was measured to show that the fiber content byweight (Wf) was 64%.

Step (III):

The temperature in a heating chamber 40 having a length of 50 m in theline direction was set at 400° C., and the hot rollers 33 was set at apressure of 0.1 MPa, under which conditions the impregnated body waspassed therethrough, and the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) was polymerized to obtain a polymer. At this time, nitrogenwas purged through an inlet port 41 of the heating chamber 40 to adjustthe oxygen concentration in the heating chamber to 1% by volume or less.

Step (IV):

The polymer was passed over a cooling plate 42 at 50° C. to solidify thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′), taken up with a nip roll, andthen taken up around the drum winder to prepare a molding material witha width of 100 mm.

The above steps were all performed on-line to continuously produce amolding material. The poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) wasphysically separated from the molding material obtained and subjected tomelting point measurement, melting enthalpy measurement, and viscositymeasurement.

The molding materials obtained were aligned in the fiber direction andlaminated such that a molded article has a thickness of 2±0.4 mm, andthen hot-pressed using a press molding machine at a mold surfacetemperature of 400° C. under a molding pressure of 3 MPa for 3 minutes.Thereafter, the mold was cooled, and the molded article was demolded toobtain a laminated plate. A test piece having a size in accordance withJIS K 7074-1988 was cut out from the laminated plate obtained with thefiber axis direction as the long side, and a 3-point flexural test wasperformed using “INSTRON” (registered trademark) universal tester Model4201 (manufactured by INSTRON) as a tester to determine the 0° flexuralmodulus and 0° flexural strength. The process conditions and theevaluation results are shown in Table 5.

Example 30

A molding material was produced in the same manner as in Example 29except that the heating chamber temperature in the step (III) waschanged to 300° C. and the take-up speed of the reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′) was changed to 1.7 m/min. The molding material obtainedwas evaluated in the same manner as in Example 29. The molding materialobtained here was characterized in that the melting point of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) and the melting enthalpy were highcompared to Example 29. The process conditions and the evaluationresults are shown in Table 5.

Comparative Example 14

A molding material was produced in the same manner as in Example 29except that the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)prepared in Reference Example 3 was used and that the film-formingtemperature and hot roller temperature in the step (II) were changed to350° C. The molding material obtained was evaluated in the same manneras in Example 29. The molding material obtained here was characterizedin that the impregnation rate of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)(B′) was low; the resulting molded article had many voids; and thedynamic properties were poor, as compared to Example 29. This isprobably because the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)was polymerized at the film-formation and poorly impregnated into areinforcing fiber substrate (A′). The process conditions and theevaluation results are shown in Table 5.

Comparative Example 15

A molding material was produced in the same manner as in Example 29except that VICTREX “PEEK” (registered trademark) 151G (polyether etherketone resin available from Victrex-MC, Inc., melting point: 343° C.)was used in place of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer(B) and that the film-forming temperature and hot roller temperature inthe step (II) were changed to 400° C. The molding material obtained wasevaluated in the same manner as in Example 29. The molding materialobtained here was characterized in that the impregnation rate of thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) was low; the resulting moldedarticle had many voids; and the dynamic properties were poor, ascompared to Example 29. The process conditions and the evaluationresults are shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5 Comparative Comparative Example 29 Example 30 Example 14 Example15 (Composition) Component (A′): Reinforcing wt % 64 64 64 64 fibersubstrate Component (B): Poly (phenylene Type Reference ReferenceReference High molecular ether ether ketone) oligomer Example 1 Example1 Example 3 weight PEEK wt % 36 36 36 36 Component (D): PolymerizationType CsF CsF CsF — catalyst mol % 5 5 5 (Producing conditions of Moldingmaterial) Constitution of the apparatus — (E2) (E2) (E2) (E2) <Step (I)>Preheating temperature ° C. 150 150 150 150 <Step (II)> Film formationtemperature ° C. 230 230 350 400 Hot roller temperature ° C. 230 230 350400 Hot roller pressure MPa 1 1 1 1 <Step (III)> Heating chambertemperature ° C. 400 300 400 400 Heating time min 10 30 10 10 Hot rollerpressure MPa 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 <Step (IV)> Taking up speed m/min 5 1.7 5 5(Properties of Molding material) Impregnation rate of Component (B′) —good good bad bad <Properties of Poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)(B′)> Melting point ° C. 329 347 335 343 Fusion enthalpy J/g 38 52 32 —Reduced viscosity dL/g 0.7 0.5 0.6 — (Molding conditions using Moldingmaterial) Mold surface temperature ° C. 400 400 400 400 Molding pressureMPa 3 3 3 3 Heating time min 3 3 3 3 (Properties of Moled article)Flexural modulus at 0° GPa 120 120 100 95 Flexural strength at 0° MPa1600 1650 1050 1000 Void ratio of Molded article — good good bad bad

Examples and Comparative Examples in Table 5 reveal the following. It isclear that because the methods for producing a molding material inExamples 29 and 30 use the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer(B) in the present invention, they are superior to the methods inComparative Examples 14 and 15 in terms of the process temperature andimpregnation properties in the production of a molding material, and themolded article obtained by using this molding material has excellentdynamic properties.

Example 31

A method for producing a molding material will be described withreference to the apparatus shown in FIG. 15. The apparatus configurationused in this production method is defined as (E3).

Step (I):

A plurality of carbon fibers “TORAYCA” (registered trademark) T700S-12K(available from TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC.) are aligned in a width of 100 mmsuch that the gaps in a reinforcing fiber bundle are 1 to 5 mm andsupplied to a production line. The reinforcing fiber bundle is placed ona roll bar 51, arranged in the form of a sheet, further fed to acalender roll 52, and taken up around a drum winder 54 by applying atension with a nip roller 53. The take-up speed is set at 10 m/min, andafter the operation is stabilized, the reinforcing fiber bundle isheated to 150° C. with an infrared heater 55 for preheating.

Step (II):

The poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) prepared inReference Example 1 with a given amount of a polymerization catalyst (D)added was pulverized into particles. The particles were sprinkled from ametering powder feeder 56 over the reinforcing fiber bundle such thatthe fiber content by weight (Wf) was 64%, and further heated to atemperature of 230° C. with an infrared heater 62, thereby obtaining acomposite in which the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)and the polymerization catalyst (D) were fused to a reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′).

Step (III):

Setting the temperature in a heating chamber 57 at 400° C., thecomposite was passed through a distance of 100 m in the line directionwhile applying a tension with a calender roller 52 to obtain a polymerof the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B). At this time,nitrogen was purged through an inlet port 58 of the heating chamber 57to adjust the oxygen concentration in the heating chamber to 1% byvolume or less.

Step (IV):

The polymer was passed over a cooling plate 59 at 50° C. to solidify thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′), taken up with a nip roll, andthen taken up around the drum winder to prepare a molding material witha width of 100 min.

The above steps were all performed on-line to continuously produce amolding material. The poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) wasphysically separated from the molding material obtained and subjected tomelting point measurement, melting enthalpy measurement, and viscositymeasurement.

The molding materials obtained were aligned in the fiber direction andlaminated such that a molded article has a thickness of 2±0.4 mm, andthen hot-pressed using a press molding machine at a mold surfacetemperature of 400° C. under a molding pressure of 3 MPa for 3 minutes.Thereafter, the mold was cooled, and the molded article was demolded toobtain a laminated plate. A test piece having a size in accordance withJIS K 7074-1988 was cut out from the laminated plate obtained with thefiber axis direction as the long side, and a 3-point flexural test wasperformed using “INSTRON” (registered trademark) universal tester Model4201 (manufactured by INSTRON) as a tester to determine the 0° flexuralmodulus and 0° flexural strength. The process conditions and theevaluation results are shown in Table 6.

Example 32

A molding material was produced in the same manner as in Example 31except that the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)prepared in Reference Example 2 was used. The molding material obtainedwas evaluated in the same manner as in Example 31. The processconditions and the evaluation results are shown in Table 6.

Comparative Example 16

A molding material was produced in the same manner as in Example 31except that the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)prepared in Reference Example 3 was used and that the fusion temperaturein the step (II) was changed to 350° C. The molding material obtainedwas evaluated in the same manner as in Example 31. The molding materialobtained here was characterized in that the impregnation rate of thepoly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) was low; the resulting moldedarticle had many voids; and the dynamic properties were poor, ascompared to Example 31. This is probably because the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) was polymerized at the fusion andpoorly impregnated into a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′). The processconditions and the evaluation results are shown in Table 6.

Example 33

A molding material was produced in the same manner as in Example 31except that the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)prepared in Reference Example 4 was used. The molding material obtainedwas evaluated in the same manner as in Example 31. The processconditions and the evaluation results are shown in Table 6.

Comparative Example 17

A molding material was produced in the same manner as in Example 31except that VICTREX “PEEK” (registered trademark) 151G (polyether etherketone resin available from Victrex-MC, Inc., melting point: 343° C.)was used in place of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer(B) and that the fusion temperature in the step (II) was changed to 400°C. The molding material obtained was evaluated in the same manner as inExample 31. The molding material obtained here was characterized in thatthe impregnation rate of the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′)was low; the resulting molded article had many voids; and the dynamicproperties were poor, as compared to Examples 31 to 33. The processconditions and the evaluation results are shown in Table 6.

Example 34

A molding material was produced in the same manner as in Example 31except that the heating chamber temperature in the step (III) waschanged to 350° C. The molding material obtained was evaluated in thesame manner as in Example 31. The process conditions and the evaluationresults are shown in Table 6.

Example 35

A molding material was produced in the same manner as in Example 31except that the heating chamber temperature in the step (III) waschanged to 300° C. and the take-up speed of the reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′) was changed to 3.3 m/min. The molding material obtainedwas evaluated in the same manner as in Example 31. The molding materialobtained here was characterized in that the melting point of the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) and the melting enthalpy were highcompared to Example 31. The process conditions and the evaluationresults are shown in Table 6.

Example 36

A molding material was produced in the same manner as in Example 31except that the content of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) waschanged to 76 wt % and the content of the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) of Reference Example 1 was changed to 24 wt %. Themolding material obtained was evaluated in the same manner as in Example31. The process conditions and the evaluation results are shown in Table6.

TABLE 6 Comparative Comparative Example 31 Example 32 Example 16 Example33 Example 17 Example 34 Example 35 Example 36 (Composition) Component(A′): wt % 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 76 Reinforcing fiber substrate Component(B): Poly Type Reference Reference Reference Reference High ReferenceReference Reference (phenylene ether ether Example 1 Example 2 Example 3Example 4 molecular Example 1 Example 1 Example 1 ketone) oligomerweight PEEK wt % 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 24 Component (D): Poly- Type CsFCsF CsF CsF — CsF CsF CsF merization catalyst mol % 5 5 5 5 5 5 5(Producing conditions of Molding material) Constitution of the — (E3)(E3) (E3) (E3) (E3) (E3) (E3) (E3) apparatus <Step (I)> Preheatingtemperature ° C. 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 <Step (II)> Fusion steptemperature ° C. 230 230 350 230 400 230 230 230 <Step (III)> Heatingchamber ° C. 400 400 400 400 400 350 300 400 temperature Heating timemin 10 10 10 10 10 10 30 10 <Step (IV)> Taking up speed m/min 10 10 1010 10 10 3.3 10 (Properties of Molding material) Impregnation rate of —good good bad good bad good good good Component (B′) <Properties of Poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′)> Melting point ° C. 330 331 327 332343 330 347 329 Fusion enthalpy J/g 38 34 32 36 — 36 53 36 Reducedviscosity dL/g 07 0.7 0.6 0.7 — 0.6 0.5 0.7 (Molding conditions usingMolding material) Mold surface temperature ° C. 400 400 400 400 400 400400 400 Molding pressure MPa 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Heating time min 3 3 3 3 33 3 3 (Properties of Moled article) Flexural modulus at 0° GPa 120 120100 120 90 120 120 140 Flexural strength at 0° MPa 1600 1650 1050 1650900 1650 1650 2050 Void ratio of Molded — good good bad good bad goodgood good article

Examples and Comparative Examples in Table 6 reveal the following. It isclear from the results of Examples 31 to 33 that regardless of theproduction method, the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)in the present invention, as compared to Comparative Examples 16 and 17,is excellent in the process temperature and impregnation properties inthe production of a molding material, and the molded article obtained byusing this molding material has excellent dynamic properties.

It is clear from Examples 34 and 35 that the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) in the present invention can be satisfactorilypolymerized even at 350° C. and 300° C., and these methods are excellentin process temperature in the production of a molding material.

It is clear from Example 36 that even when the content of thereinforcing fiber substrate (A′) is 76 wt %, the method for producing amolding material of the present invention is excellent in the processtemperature and impregnation properties in the production of a moldingmaterial, and the molded article obtained by using this molding materialhas excellent dynamic properties.

Method for Producing Fiber-Reinforced Composite Material by RTM MethodExample 37

Step (I-1):

Eight plies of “TORAYCA” (registered trademark) BT70-30 (carbon fiberfabric available from TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC., T700S-12K, texture: plain,basis weight: 300 g/m²) used as a reinforcing fiber substrates (A′) werelaminated in a mold having a plate-like cavity 300 mm long×300 mm wide×2mm thick, and clamped with a pressing device.

Step (II-1):

The poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) obtained inReference Example 1 was melted by heating at 230° C. for 30 minutes toform a melt solution. A given amount of polymerization catalyst (D) wasfurther added to the melt solution and kneaded for dispersion.

Step (III-1):

The surface temperature of the mold was maintained at 300° C., and thepressure in the mold was reduced with a vacuum pump to a pressure 0.1MPa lower than the atmospheric pressure. The melt solution was injectedinto the mold using a resin injector to impregnate the poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) oligomer (B) into the reinforcing fiber substrate(A′).

Step (IV-1):

After completion of the injection of the melt solution, while stillmaintaining the surface temperature of the mold at 300° C., heating wascontinued for 30 minutes to polymerize the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) into a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′).

After completion of the steps (I-1) to (IV-1), the mold was opened anddemolded to obtain a fiber-reinforced composite material.

Resin flash was removed to measure the weight of the fiber-reinforcedcomposite material obtained. The content of the reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′) was calculated from the weight of the fiber-reinforcedcomposite material and the weight of the reinforcing fiber substrate(A′) used.

The poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) was physically separatedfrom the fiber-reinforced composite material obtained and subjected tomelting point measurement, melting enthalpy measurement, and viscositymeasurement.

From the fiber-reinforced composite material obtained, a test piecehaving a size in accordance with JIS K 7074-1988 was cut out with thewarp direction of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) used as the longside. A 3-point flexural test was performed using “INSTRON” (registeredtrademark) universal tester Model 4201 (manufactured by INSTRON) as atester to determine the flexural strength. The process conditions andthe evaluation results are shown in Table 7.

Example 38

A fiber-reinforced composite material was produced in the same manner asin Example 37 except that the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) prepared in Reference Example 2 was used. Thefiber-reinforced composite material obtained was evaluated in the samemanner as in Example 37. The process conditions and the evaluationresults are shown in Table 7.

Comparative Example 18

A fiber-reinforced composite material was produced in the same manner asin Example 37 except that the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) prepared in Reference Example 3 was used; the heat-meltingtemperature in the step (II-1) was changed to 350° C.; the surfacetemperature of the mold in the steps (III-1) and (IV-1) was changed to400° C.; the heating time in the step (IV-1) was changed to 10 minutes;and, further, the surface temperature of the mold was decreased from400° C. to 150° C. over 25 minutes before demolding a fiber-reinforcedcomposite material. The fiber-reinforced composite material obtained wasevaluated in the same manner as in Example 37. The fiber-reinforcedcomposite material obtained here had many voids compared to Example 37,and the fiber-reinforced composite material obtained was very fragile.This is probably because the polymerization of the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) occurred before impregnation into areinforcing fiber substrate (A′). The process conditions and theevaluation results are shown in Table 7.

Example 39

A fiber-reinforced composite material was produced in the same manner asin Example 37 except that the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) prepared in Reference Example 4 was used. Thefiber-reinforced composite material obtained was evaluated in the samemanner as in Example 37. The process conditions and the evaluationresults are shown in Table 7.

Comparative Example 19

A fiber-reinforced composite material was produced in the same manner asin Example 37 except that VICTREX “PEEK” (registered trademark) 151G(polyether ether ketone resin available from Victrex-MC, Inc., meltingpoint: 343° C., melt viscosity at 400° C.: 150 Pa·s) was used in placeof the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B); theheat-melting temperature in the step (II-1) was changed to 400° C.; thesurface temperature of the mold in the steps (III-1) and (IV-1) waschanged to 400° C.; the heating time in the step (IV-1) was changed to10 minutes; and, further, the surface temperature of the mold wasdecreased from 400° C. to 150° C. over 25 minutes before demolding afiber-reinforced composite material. The fiber-reinforced compositematerial obtained was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 37. Thefiber-reinforced composite material obtained here had many voidscompared to Example 37, and the fiber-reinforced composite materialobtained was very fragile. This is probably because the polymerizationof the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) occurred beforeimpregnation into a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′). The processconditions and the evaluation results are shown in Table 7.

Example 40

A fiber-reinforced composite material was produced in the same manner asin Example 7 except that the surface temperature of the mold in thesteps (III-1) and (IV-1) was changed to 350° C.; the heating time in thestep (IV-1) was changed to 10 minutes; and, further, the surfacetemperature of the mold was decreased from 350° C. to 150° C. over 20minutes before demolding a fiber-reinforced composite material. Thefiber-reinforced composite material obtained was evaluated in the samemanner as in Example 37. The process conditions and the evaluationresults are shown in Table 7.

Example 41

A fiber-reinforced composite material was produced in the same manner asin Example 37 except that the surface temperature of the mold in thesteps (III-1) and (IV-1) was changed to 400° C.; the heating time in thestep (IV-1) was changed to 10 minutes; and, further, the surfacetemperature of the mold was decreased from 400° C. to 150° C. over 25minutes before demolding a fiber-reinforced composite material. Thefiber-reinforced composite material obtained was evaluated in the samemanner as in Example 37. The process conditions and the evaluationresults are shown in Table 7.

TABLE 7 Comparative Comparative Example 37 Example 38 Example 18 Example39 Example 19 Example 40 Example 41 (Composition) Component (B): PolyType Reference Reference Reference Reference High molecular ReferenceReference (phenylene ether Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4weight PEEK Example 1 Example 1 ether ketone) oligomer wt % 100 100 100100 100 100 100 Component (D): Type CsF CsF CsF CsF — CsF CsFPolymerization catalyst mol % 5 5 5 5 5 5 (Producing conditions ofFiber-reinforced composite material) <Step (II-1)> Heat meltingtemperature ° C. 230 230 350 230 400 230 230 Melt viscosity of Pa · s0.034 0.030 0.15 0.036 150 0.034 0.034 Component (B) <Step (III-1)> Moldsurface temperature ° C. 300 300 400 300 400 350 400 <Step (IV-1)> Moldsurface temperature ° C. 300 300 400 300 400 350 400 Heating time min 3030 10 30 10 10 1.0 Mold cooling time min — — 25 — 25 20 25 (Propertiesof Poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′)) Melting point ° C. 347 346335 344 343 330 329 Fusion enthalpy J/g 53 52 32 53 — 36 38 Reducedviscosity dL/g 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 — 0.6 0.7 (Properties of Fiber-reinforced composite material Flexural strength MPa 850 800 — 800 — 800850 Component (A′) wt % 58 58 — 58 — 58 58 content Void ratio of Fiber-— good good fair good bad good good reinforced composite material

Examples and Comparative Examples in Table 7 reveal the following. It isclear from the results of Examples 37 to 39 that regardless of theproduction method, the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B)in the present invention, as compared to Comparative Examples 18 and 19,can decrease the process temperature in the production of afiber-reinforced composite material, is excellent in impregnation intothe reinforcing fiber substrate (A′), and can reduce voids in theresulting fiber-reinforced composite material. Further, it is clear thatthe resulting fiber-reinforced composite material has excellent dynamicproperties.

It is clear from Examples 40 and 41 that the poly (phenylene ether etherketone) oligomer (B) in the present invention can be satisfactorilypolymerized even at 350° C. and 400° C., and these methods are excellentin polymerization rate.

Method for Producing Fiber-Reinforced Composite Material by FilamentWinding Method Example 42

Description will be given with reference to FIGS. 16 and 17.

Step (I-2):

“TORAYCA” (registered trademark) T700S-24K (carbon fiber available fromTORAY INDUSTRIES, INC.) used as a reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) wascontinuously drawn, and three of them were aligned.

Step (II-2):

The poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) obtained inReference Example 1 and a polymerization catalyst (D) were fed to animpregnation bath and melted by heating at 230° C. to form a meltsolution.

Step (III-2):

The reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) aligned in the step (I-2) was fedto the impregnation bath of the step (II-2) to obtain a composite of themelt solution and the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) impregnatedtherewith. Using the filament winding method, the composite obtained wasspirally wound around a mandrel (φ: 70 mm) to form as an inner layer a0.2-mm spirally wound layer 72 a at 85° to the axial direction; next,the composite was spirally wound as a main layer 72 b at ±12° with athickness of 1 mm, at ±45° with a thickness of 0.5 mm, and at ±12° witha thickness of 1 mm; and then a spirally wound layer 72 c at 85° with athickness of 0.2 mm was formed as an outermost layer. The main layer hasa thickness of 2.9 mm in total. At a part corresponding to a 110-mm-longregion at both ends of a cylindrical body, which part is a part formounting a joint, a reinforcing layer 72 d at ±83° to the axialdirection with a thickness of 2.5 mm was formed in order to enhance theconnection strength to the joint. The reinforcing layer 72 d is composedof a straight part 2.5 mm thick and 60 mm long in the axial directionand a 50-mm-long tapering part tapering toward the axial center.

Step (IV-2):

The mandrel around which the composite was wound in the step (III-2) isheated in an oven at 300° C. for 30 minutes to polymerize the poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B).

Further, the mandrel after the step (IV-2) was taken out of the oven andair-cooled to obtain a cylindrical body 72 made of a fiber-reinforcedcomposite material. Further, metal joints 73 were press-fit connected toboth ends of the cylindrical body 72 to form a propeller shaft 71.

The content of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) was calculated fromthe weight of the obtained cylindrical body 72 made of afiber-reinforced composite material excluding the mandrel and the weightof the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) used.

The poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) was physically separatedfrom the fiber-reinforced composite material obtained and subjected tomelting point measurement, melting enthalpy measurement, and viscositymeasurement. The process conditions and the evaluation results are shownin Table 8.

Example 43

A fiber-reinforced composite material was produced in the same manner asin Example 42 except that the conditions of heating in an oven in thestep (IV-2) were changed to 400° C. for 10 minutes. The fiber-reinforcedcomposite material obtained was evaluated in the same manner as inExample 42. The process conditions and the evaluation results are shownin Table 8.

Comparative Example 20

A fiber-reinforced composite material was produced in the same manner asin Example 42 except that the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) prepared in Reference Example 3 was used; the heat-meltingtemperature in the step (II-2) was changed to 350° C.; and theconditions of heating in an oven in the step (IV-2) were changed to 400°C. for 10 minutes. The fiber-reinforced composite material obtained wasevaluated in the same manner as in Example 42. The fiber-reinforcedcomposite material obtained here had many voids compared to Example 42.This is probably because the polymerization of the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) occurred before impregnation into areinforcing fiber substrate (A′). The process conditions and theevaluation results are shown in Table 8.

Comparative Example 21

A fiber-reinforced composite material was produced in the same manner asin Example 42 except that VICTREX “PEEK” (registered trademark) 151G(polyether ether ketone resin available from Victrex-MC, Inc., meltingpoint: 343° C., melt viscosity at 400° C.: 150 Pa·s) was used in placeof the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B); theheat-melting temperature in the step (II-2) was changed to 400° C.; andthe conditions of heating in an oven in the step (IV-2) were changed to400° C. for 10 minutes. The fiber-reinforced composite material obtainedwas evaluated in the same manner as in Example 42. The fiber-reinforcedcomposite material obtained here had many voids compared to Example 42.This is probably because the polymerization of the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) occurred before impregnation into areinforcing fiber substrate (A′). The process conditions and theevaluation results are shown in Table 8.

TABLE 8 Comparative Comparative Example 42 Example 43 Example 20 Example21 (Composition) Component (B): Poly (phenylene Type Reference ReferenceReference High molecular ether ether ketone) oligomer Example 1 Example1 Example 3 weight PEEK wt % 100 100 100 100 Component (D):Polymerization Type CsF CsF CsF — catalyst mol % 5 5 5 (Producingconditions of Fiber- reinforced composite material) <Step (II-2)> Heatmelting temperature ° C. 230 230 350 400 Melt viscosity of Component (B)Pa · s 0.034 0.034 0.15 150 <Step (IV-2)> Oven temperature ° C. 300 400400 400 Heating time min 30 10 10  10 (Properties of Poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) (B′)) Melting point ° C. 346 331 333 343 Fusionenthalpy J/g 51 37 31 — Reduced viscosity dL/g 0.5 0.7 0.6 — (Propertiesof Fiber-reinforced composite material) Component (A′) content wt % 7374 — — Void ratio of Fiber-reinforced — good good fair bad compositematerial

Examples and Comparative Examples in Table 8 reveal the following. It isclear from the comparison between Example 42 and Comparative Examples 20and 21 that by using the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer(B) in the present invention, the process temperature in the productionof a fiber-reinforced composite material can be decreased; theimpregnation into the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) is excellent; andvoids in the resulting fiber-reinforced composite material can bereduced.

It is clear from Example 43 that the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) in the present invention can be satisfactorily polymerizedeven at 400° C., and this method is excellent in polymerization rate.

Method for Producing Fiber-Reinforced Composite Material by PultrusionMolding Method Example 44

Step (I-3):

One hundred and twelve pieces of “TORAYCA” (registered trademark)T700S-24K (carbon fiber available from TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC.) used as areinforcing fiber substrate (A′) were continuously drawn.

Step (II-3):

The poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) obtained inReference Example 1 and a polymerization catalyst (D) were fed to animpregnation bath and melted by heating at 230° C. to form a meltsolution.

Step (III-3):

The reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) drawn in the step (I-3) was fed tothe impregnation bath of the step (II-3) to impregnate the melt solutioninto the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) and further passed through asqueeze die to obtain a composite from which excess melt solution wasremoved.

Step (IV-3):

The composite obtained in the step (III-3) was fed to a mold having suchan opening that provides a fiber-reinforced composite material 100 mmwide and 1.4 mm thick, and heated in the mold at 300° C. for 30 minutesto polymerize the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B).

The composite after the step (IV-3) was solidified in contact with acooling roll at 150° C. and further drawn with a belt conveyor tocontinuously obtain a fiber-reinforced composite material.

The content of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) was calculated fromthe weight of the fiber-reinforced composite material obtained and theweight of the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) used.

The poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′) was physically separatedfrom the fiber-reinforced composite material obtained and subjected tomelting point measurement, melting enthalpy measurement, and viscositymeasurement. The process conditions and the evaluation results are shownin Table 9.

Example 45

A fiber-reinforced composite material was produced in the same manner asin Example 44 except that the conditions of heating in a mold in thestep (IV-3) were changed to 400° C. for 10 minutes. The fiber-reinforcedcomposite material obtained was evaluated in the same manner as inExample 44. The process conditions and the evaluation results are shownin Table 9.

Comparative Example 22

A fiber-reinforced composite material was produced in the same manner asin Example 44 except that the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) prepared in Reference Example 3 was used; the heat-meltingtemperature in the step (II-3) was changed to 350° C.; and theconditions of heating in a mold in the step (IV-3) were changed to 400°C. for 10 minutes. The fiber-reinforced composite material obtained wasevaluated in the same manner as in Example 44. The fiber-reinforcedcomposite material obtained here had many voids compared to Example 44.This is probably because the polymerization of the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) occurred before impregnation into areinforcing fiber substrate (A′). The process conditions and theevaluation results are shown in Table 9.

Comparative Example 23

A fiber-reinforced composite material was produced in the same manner asin Example 44 except that VICTREX “PEEK” (registered trademark) 151G(polyether ether ketone resin available from Victrex-MC, Inc., meltingpoint: 343° C., melt viscosity at 400° C.: 150 Pa's) was used in placeof the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B); theheat-melting temperature in the step (II-3) was changed to 400° C.; andthe conditions of heating in a mold in the step (IV-3) were changed to400° C. for 10 minutes. The fiber-reinforced composite material obtainedwas evaluated in the same manner as in Example 44. The fiber-reinforcedcomposite material obtained here had many voids compared to Example 44.This is probably because the polymerization of the poly (phenylene etherether ketone) oligomer (B) occurred before impregnation into areinforcing fiber substrate (A′). The process conditions and theevaluation results are shown in Table 9.

TABLE 9 Comparative Comparative Example 44 Example 45 Example 22 Example23 (Composition) Component (B): Poly (phenylene Type Reference ReferenceReference High molecular ether ether ketone) oligomer Example 1 Example1 Example 3 weight PEEK wt % 100 100 100 100 Component (D):Polymerization Type CsF CsF CsF — catalyst mol % 5 5 5 (Producingconditions of Fiber- reinforced composite material) <Step (II-3)> Heatmelting temperature ° C. 230 230 350 400 Melt viscosity of Component (B)Pa · s 0.034 0.034 0.15 150 <Step (IV-3)> Mold surface temperature ° C.300 400 400 400 Heating time min 30 10 10  10 (Properties of Poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′)) Melting point ° C. 345 329 332 343Fusion enthalpy J/g 52 38 35 — Reduced viscosity dL/g 0.5 0.7 0.6 —(Properties of Fiber-reinforced composite material) Component (A′)content wt % 76 76 — — Void ratio of Fiber-reinforced — good good fairbad composite material

Examples and Comparative Examples in Table 9 reveal the following. It isclear from the comparison between Example 44 and Comparative Examples 22and 23 that by using the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer(B) in the present invention, the process temperature in the productionof a fiber-reinforced composite material can be decreased; theimpregnation into the reinforcing fiber substrate (A′) is excellent; andvoids in the resulting fiber-reinforced composite material can bereduced.

It is clear from Example 45 that the poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)oligomer (B) in the present invention can be satisfactorily polymerizedeven at 400° C., and this method is excellent in polymerization rate.

The molding material of the present invention in the first preferredembodiment comprises a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B),and thus by using the molding material excellent in economic efficiencyand productivity, a molded article having excellent dynamic propertiescan be easily produced.

The molding material of the present invention in the second preferredembodiment comprises a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′), andthus a molded article having excellent dynamic properties and heatresistance can be easily produced.

The molding material of the present invention in the third preferredembodiment can be molded into a fiber-reinforced composite material byheating the molding material at a low temperature for a short time, andthus it is excellent in economic efficiency, productivity, andhandleability.

The method for producing a molding material of the present inventionenables easy combination of a reinforcing fiber substrate with a poly(phenylene ether ether ketone) and, therefore, can increase economicefficiency and productivity. Thus the method is useful for producing amolding material.

The method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material of thepresent invention enables easy combination of a reinforcing fibersubstrate with a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) and, therefore, canincrease economic efficiency and productivity. Thus the method is usefulfor producing a fiber-reinforced composite material.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS

-   -   1: Reinforcing fiber bundle (A)    -   2: Poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B), or poly        (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) or poly (phenylene        ether ether ketone) (B′) and polymerization catalyst (D)    -   3: Composite of reinforcing fiber bundle (A) and poly (phenylene        ether ether ketone) oligomer (B), or of reinforcing fiber bundle        (A), poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B) or poly        (phenylene ether ether ketone) (B′), and polymerization catalyst        (D)    -   4: Thermoplastic resin (C)    -   5: Fixture for evaluating drape property    -   6: Sample for evaluating drape property    -   7: Heavy bob    -   8: Clamp for fixing sample    -   11, 31, 51: Roll bar    -   12: Impregnation bath    -   13: Rotating roller    -   14: Hot-air drying furnace    -   15: Double belt press    -   16, 34, 53: Nip roller    -   17, 36, 55, 62: Infrared heater    -   18: Pump    -   19: Chamber    -   20, 26, 41, 58: Inlet port    -   21, 42, 59: Cooling plate    -   22: Guillotine cutter    -   23, 43, 60: Reinforcing fiber bundle    -   24, 44, 61: Molding material    -   32: Belt conveyor    -   35, 54: Drum winder    -   37: Draw winder    -   27, 33, 38: Hot roller    -   39: Take-up winder    -   25, 40, 57: Heating chamber    -   52: Calender roll    -   56: Metering powder feeder    -   71: Propeller shaft    -   72: Cylindrical body made of fiber-reinforced composite material    -   72 a: Inner layer    -   72 b: Main layer    -   72 c: Outer layer    -   72 d: Reinforcing layer    -   73: Metal joint

What is claimed is:
 1. A molding material comprising a reinforcing fibersubstrate (A′), a poly (phenylene ether ether ketone) oligomer (B), anda polymerization catalyst (D), wherein the component (B) has a meltingpoint of not higher than 270° C.
 2. The molding material according toclaim 1, wherein the component (B) comprises a cyclic poly (phenyleneether ether ketone) in an amount of 60 wt % or more.
 3. The moldingmaterial according to claim 1, wherein the component (B) is a mixture ofcyclic poly (phenylene ether ether ketone)s having different numbers ofrepeating units (m).
 4. The molding material according to claim 1,wherein the component (A′) is a carbon fiber.
 5. The molding materialaccording to claim 1, wherein the content of the component (A′) is 30 wt% or more.
 6. The molding material according to claim 1, wherein thecontent of the component (D) is 0.001 to 20 mol % per 1 mol of etherether ketone structural unit in the component (B).